Systems and methods for transparent saas data encryption and tokenization

ABSTRACT

Embodiments described include systems and methods for encoding and decoding data for a network application. A client application may include an embedded browser. The embedded browser may establish a session with a network application. The client application may identify a policy specifying a type of data to encode upon input. The embedded browser may detect the type of data of an input field of the network application being displayed in the embedded browser. The embedded browser may, responsive to the detection and the policy, encode the data inputted into the input field or decode encoded data displayed in the input field.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application is a continuation of, and claims priority to andthe benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/183,226, titled“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRANSPARENT SAAS DATA ENCRYPTION ANDTOKENIZATION,” and filed Nov. 7, 2018, the contents of all of which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for allpurposes.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present application generally relates to management of applications,including but not limited to systems and methods for transparentSoftware as a Service (SaaS) data encryption and tokenization.

BACKGROUND

As the workforce of an enterprise becomes more mobile and work undervarious conditions, an individual can use one or more client devices,including personal devices, to access network resources such as webapplications. Due to differences between the client devices and themanner in which network resources can be accessed, there are significantchallenges to the enterprise in managing access to network resources,such encryption and decryption of data.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods ofencoding and deciding data for network applications interfacing withembedded browsers. A client application executing on a client device canallow a user to access applications (apps) that are served from and/orhosted on one or more servers, such as web applications andsoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) applications (hereafter sometimes generallyreferred to as network applications). A browser that is embedded orintegrated with the client application can render to the user a networkapplication that is accessed or requested via the client application,and can enable interactivity between the user and the networkapplication. The browser is sometimes referred to as an embeddedbrowser, and the client application with embedded browser (CEB) issometimes referred to as a workspace application. The client applicationcan establish a secure connection to the one or more servers to providean application session for the user to access the network applicationusing the client device and the embedded browser. The embedded browsercan be integrated with the client application to ensure that trafficrelated to the network application is routed through and/or processed inthe client application, which can provide the client application withreal-time visibility to the traffic (e.g., when decrypted through theclient application), and user interactions and behavior. The embeddedbrowser can provide a seamless experience to a user as the networkapplication is requested via the user interface (shared by the clientapplication and the embedded browser) and rendered through the embeddedbrowser within the same user interface.

There may be several challenges in protecting data exchanged in theclient application with embedded browsers interfacing with networkapplications through communication sessions in such environments. Toprotect the data from malicious or unintentional exfiltration, theclient application or the network application may apply encryption tothe data exchanged between the client running the client application andthe servers executing the network applications. For example, the clientapplication that first received the data may use tokenization tosubstitute a portion of the data with a token generated for the data. Inthis manner, even if the data are maliciously extruded orunintentionally leaked, non-authorized entities besides the client andthe servers may have difficulty in recovering the original data due toencryption.

While the application of encryption may obfuscate the data to otherentities, the encryption itself may also lead to other technicalchallenges in the applications properly processing the exchanged data.For example, because a portion of the data is replaced with the tokengenerated using tokenization, the network application (e.g., a SaaSapplication) may be unable to recover the original data from theencrypted data received from the client application. The inability todecrypt the encrypted data may lead to a fault in the functioning of thenetwork application. Homomorphic encryption techniques may be used toallow various operations to be applied upon the encrypted data withouteither application first attempting decryption of the encrypted data toaddress some of these problems. Fully homomorphic encryption, however,may not be practicable due to computing resource constraints. With theinability of the network application to recover the original data, theoperations of the embedded browser running on the client application andthe application session itself may also breakdown.

To address these technical problems, the network application and theembedded browser running on the client application may be configured toselectively use tokenization onto the data and to invoke applicationinterface (API) calls to decrypt the tokens. At the point of entry ofthe data into the application session, the recipient application (e.g.,network application or the client application) may identify a policy toapply. The policy may specify whether the data are to be encoded usingreversible encryption or tokenized in accordance with a number offactors, including the type of data, the user, membership, location,device, enrollment status, and authentication mode, among others. Whenthe data are tokenized, the token generated for the data may be providedto a token repository for the network application for storage. With theidentification, the application may encrypt the data in accordance withthe policy. The application may also format or insert a tag into theencrypted data to permit subsequent recognition.

The encrypted data may then subsequently be sent or retrieved by theclient application for display on the client (e.g., in a graphical userinterface of the embedded browser). Upon receipt of the encrypted data,the client application may identify the policy for the encrypted databased on the factors. If the policy specifies that tokenization is usedfor the type of data, the embedded browser running within the clientapplication may identify the token associated with the encrypted datafrom the data repository. The embedded browser may then replace thetoken with the original portion to recover the original data. If thepolicy specifies that reversible encryption is to be used for the typeof data, the embedded browser may decode the encrypted data inaccordance with the specified cryptographic algorithm to recover theoriginal data. In this manner, the encrypted data may be compatibly usedwith the network application and the embedded browser running in theclient application. Furthermore, as the data is encrypted at the pointof entry and decrypted at the point of receipt, the likelihood of dataleakage and exfiltration from the application session may be reduced.

In one aspect, this disclosure is directed to a method of encoding datafor a network application. A client application executing on a clientdevice may establish a session with a network application via anembedded browser within the client application. The client applicationmay identify a policy specifying a type of data to encode upon input.The embedded browser may, responsive to the detection, encode datainputted into the input field. The embedded browser may store theencoded data in the input field and the data to a data repository.

In some embodiments, identifying the policy may further includeidentifying the policy based on one or more of the following: user,membership, location, device, device enrollment status and mode ofauthentication. In some embodiments, identifying the policy may furtherinclude identifying the policy for the network application.

In some embodiments, encoding the data may further include encoding thedata using encryption. In some embodiments, encoding the data mayfurther include encoding the data by generating a token and replacingthe data inputting into the input field with the token. In someembodiments, encoding the data may further include encoding the datawith a predetermined format or tag, the predetermined format or tagrecognizable by the client application. In some embodiments, encodingthe data may further include encoding the data as the data is inputtedinto the input field.

In another aspect, this disclosure is directed to a method of decodingencoded data for a network application. A client application executingon a client device may establish a session with a network applicationvia an embedded browser within the client application. The clientapplication may identify a policy specifying a type of data to decode.The embedded browser may detect encoded data corresponding to the typeof data of an input field of the network application being displayed inthe embedded browser. The embedded browser may, responsive to thedetection, decode the encoded data. The embedded browser may, responsiveto the policy, display the decoded data in the input field.

In some embodiments, identifying the policy may further includeidentifying the policy based on one or more of the following: user,membership, location, device, device enrollment status and mode ofauthentication. In some embodiments, identifying the policy may furtherinclude identifying the policy for the network application.

In some embodiments, detecting the encoded data may further includedetecting that the encoded data has a predetermined format or tagrecognizable by the client application. In some embodiments, decodingthe encoded data may further include decoding the data by decrypting theencoded data. In some embodiments, decoding the encoded data may furtherinclude decoding the data by replacing a token of the encoded data withoriginal data retrieved from a data repository.

In another aspect, this disclosure is directed to a system for encodingand decoding data for a network application. The system may include aclient application executable on one or more processors of a clientdevice. The client application may include an embedded browser. Theembedded browser may establish a session with a network application. Theclient application may identify a policy specifying a type of data toencode upon input. The embedded browser may detect the type of data ofan input field of the network application being displayed in theembedded browser. The embedded browser may, responsive to the detectionand the policy, encode the data inputted into the input field or decodeencoded data displayed in the input field.

In some embodiments, the embedded browser may store, responsive to databeing inputted into the input field, the encoded data in the input fieldand the data being inputted to a data repository. In some embodiments,the policy may be identified based on one or more of the following:user, membership, location, device, device enrollment status and mode ofauthentication, and the network application. In some embodiments, theembedded browser may encode the data by one of encryption or generationof a token and replacement of the data with the token.

In some embodiments, the encoded data may include a predetermined formator tag, the predetermined format or tag recognizable by the clientapplication. In some embodiments, the embedded browser may decode thedata by decrypting the encoded data. In some embodiments, the embeddedbrowser may decode the data by replacing a token of the encoded datawith original data retrieved from a data repository.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The foregoing and other objects, aspects, features, and advantages ofthe present solution will become more apparent and better understood byreferring to the following description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of embodiments of a computing device;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative embodiment of cloudservices for use in accessing resources;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of an enterprisemobility management system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system 400 of an embedded browser;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a system for usinga secure browser;

FIG. 6 is an example representation of an implementation for browserredirection using a secure browser plug-in;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of example embodiment of a system of using asecure browser;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a system for usinglocal embedded browser(s) and hosted secured browser(s);

FIG. 9 is an example process flow for using local embedded browser(s)and hosted secured browser(s);

FIG. 10 is an example embodiment of a system for managing user access towebpages;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a system forencoding and decoding data for network applications; and

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of an example embodiment of a method ofencoding and decoding data for network applications.

The features and advantages of the present solution will become moreapparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken inconjunction with the drawings, in which like reference charactersidentify corresponding elements throughout. In the drawings, likereference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar,and/or structurally similar elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For purposes of reading the description of the various embodimentsbelow, the following descriptions of the sections of the specificationand their respective contents may be helpful:

Section A describes a computing environment which may be useful forpracticing embodiments described herein.

Section B describes systems and methods for an embedded browser.

Section C describes systems and methods for encoding and decoding datafor a network application.

A. Computing Environment

Prior to discussing the specifics of embodiments of the systems andmethods detailed herein in Section B, it may be helpful to discuss thecomputing environments in which such embodiments may be deployed.

As shown in FIG. 1, computer 101 may include one or more processors 103,volatile memory 122 (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), non-volatilememory 128 (e.g., one or more hard disk drives (HDDs) or other magneticor optical storage media, one or more solid state drives (SSDs) such asa flash drive or other solid state storage media, one or more hybridmagnetic and solid state drives, and/or one or more virtual storagevolumes, such as a cloud storage, or a combination of such physicalstorage volumes and virtual storage volumes or arrays thereof), userinterface (UI) 123, one or more communications interfaces 118, andcommunication bus 150. User interface 123 may include graphical userinterface (GUI) 124 (e.g., a touchscreen, a display, etc.) and one ormore input/output (I/O) devices 126 (e.g., a mouse, a keyboard, amicrophone, one or more speakers, one or more cameras, one or morebiometric scanners, one or more environmental sensors, one or moreaccelerometers, etc.). Non-volatile memory 128 stores operating system115, one or more applications 116, and data 117 such that, for example,computer instructions of operating system 115 and/or applications 116are executed by processor(s) 103 out of volatile memory 122. In someembodiments, volatile memory 122 may include one or more types of RAMand/or a cache memory that may offer a faster response time than a mainmemory. Data may be entered using an input device of GUI 124 or receivedfrom I/O device(s) 126. Various elements of computer 101 may communicatevia one or more communication buses, shown as communication bus 150.

Computer 101 as shown in FIG. 1 is shown merely as an example, asclients, servers, intermediary and other networking devices and may beimplemented by any computing or processing environment and with any typeof machine or set of machines that may have suitable hardware and/orsoftware capable of operating as described herein. Processor(s) 103 maybe implemented by one or more programmable processors to execute one ormore executable instructions, such as a computer program, to perform thefunctions of the system. As used herein, the term “processor” describescircuitry that performs a function, an operation, or a sequence ofoperations. The function, operation, or sequence of operations may behard coded into the circuitry or soft coded by way of instructions heldin a memory device and executed by the circuitry. A “processor” mayperform the function, operation, or sequence of operations using digitalvalues and/or using analog signals. In some embodiments, the “processor”can be embodied in one or more application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphicsprocessing units (GPUs), microcontrollers, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), multi-core processors,or general-purpose computers with associated memory. The “processor” maybe analog, digital or mixed-signal. In some embodiments, the “processor”may be one or more physical processors or one or more “virtual” (e.g.,remotely located or “cloud”) processors. A processor including multipleprocessor cores and/or multiple processors multiple processors mayprovide functionality for parallel, simultaneous execution ofinstructions or for parallel, simultaneous execution of one instructionon more than one piece of data.

Communications interfaces 118 may include one or more interfaces toenable computer 101 to access a computer network such as a Local AreaNetwork (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN),or the Internet through a variety of wired and/or wireless or cellularconnections.

In described embodiments, the computing device 101 may execute anapplication on behalf of a user of a client computing device. Forexample, the computing device 101 may execute a virtual machine, whichprovides an execution session within which applications execute onbehalf of a user or a client computing device, such as a hosted desktopsession. The computing device 101 may also execute a terminal servicessession to provide a hosted desktop environment. The computing device101 may provide access to a computing environment including one or moreof: one or more applications, one or more desktop applications, and oneor more desktop sessions in which one or more applications may execute.

Additional details of the implementation and operation of networkenvironment, computer 101 and client and server computers may be asdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,538,345, issued Jan. 3, 2017 to CitrixSystems, Inc. of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., the teachings of which arehereby incorporated herein by reference.

B. Systems and Methods for an Embedded Browser

The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods of anembedded browser. A client application executing on a client device canallow a user to access applications (apps) that are served from and/orhosted on one or more servers, such as web applications andsoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) applications (hereafter sometimes generallyreferred to as network applications). A browser that is embedded orintegrated with the client application can render to the user a networkapplication that is accessed or requested via the client application,and can enable interactivity between the user and the networkapplication. The browser is sometimes referred to as an embeddedbrowser, and the client application with embedded browser (CEB) issometimes referred to as a workspace application. The client applicationcan establish a secure connection to the one or more servers to providean application session for the user to access the network applicationusing the client device and the embedded browser. The embedded browsercan be integrated with the client application to ensure that trafficrelated to the network application is routed through and/or processed inthe client application, which can provide the client application withreal-time visibility to the traffic (e.g., when decrypted through theclient application), and user interactions and behavior. The embeddedbrowser can provide a seamless experience to a user as the networkapplication is requested via the user interface (shared by the clientapplication and the embedded browser) and rendered through the embeddedbrowser within the same user interface.

The client application can terminate one end of a secured connectionestablished with a server of a network application, such as a securesockets layer (SSL) virtual private network (VPN) connection. The clientapplication can receive encrypted traffic from the network application,and can decrypt the traffic before further processing (e.g., renderingby the embedded browser). The client application can monitor thereceived traffic (e.g., in encrypted packet form), and also have fullvisibility into the decrypted data stream and/or the SSL stack. Thisvisibility can allow the client application to perform or facilitatepolicy-based management (e.g., including data loss prevention (DLP)capabilities), application control (e.g., to improve performance,service level), and collection and production of analytics. Forinstance, the local CEB can provide an information technology (IT)administrator with a controlled system for deploying web and SaaSapplications through the CEB, and allow the IT administrator to setpolicies or configurations via the CEB for performing any of theforgoing activities.

Many web and SaaS delivered applications connect from web servers togeneric browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, and so on) of users.Once authenticated, the entire session of such a network application isencrypted. However, in this scenario, an administrator may not havevisibility, analytics, or control of the content entering the networkapplication from the user's digital workspace, or the content leavingthe network application and entering the user's digital workspace.Moreover, content of a network application viewed in a generic browsercan be copied or downloaded (e.g., by a user or program) to potentiallyany arbitrary application or device, resulting in a possible breach indata security.

This present systems and methods can ensure that traffic associated witha network application is channeled through a CEB. By way ofillustration, when a user accesses a SaaS web service with securityassertion markup language (SAML) enabled for instance, the correspondingaccess request can be forwarded to a designated gateway service thatdetermines, checks or verifies if the CEB was used to make the accessrequest. Responsive to determining that a CEB was used to make theaccess request, the gateway service can perform or provideauthentication and single-sign-on (SSO), and can allow the CEB toconnect directly to the SaaS web service. Encryption (e.g., standardencryption) can be used for the application session between the CEB andthe SaaS web service. When the content from the web service isunencrypted in the CEB to the viewed via the embedded browser, and/orwhen input is entered via the CEB, the CEB can provide added services onselective application-related information for control and analytics forinstance. For example, an analytics agent or application programminginterface (API) can be embedded in the CEB to provide or perform theadded services.

The CEB (sometimes referred to as workspace application or receiver) caninteroperate with one or more gateway services, intermediaries and/ornetwork servers (sometimes collectively referred to as cloud services orCitrix Cloud) to provide access to a network application. Features andelements of an environment related to the operation of an embodiment ofcloud services are described below.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of cloud services for use in accessingresources including network applications. The cloud services can includean enterprise mobility technical architecture 200, which can include anaccess gateway 260 in one illustrative embodiment. The architecture canbe used in a bring-your-own-device (BYOD) environment for instance. Thearchitecture can enable a user of a client device 202 (e.g., a mobile orother device) to both access enterprise or personal resources from aclient device 202, and use the client device 202 for personal use. Theuser may access such enterprise resources 204 or enterprise services 208via a client application executing on the client device 202. The usermay access such enterprise resources 204 or enterprise services 208using a client device 202 that is purchased by the user or a clientdevice 202 that is provided by the enterprise to user. The user mayutilize the client device 202 for business use only or for business andpersonal use. The client device may run an iOS operating system, andAndroid operating system, or the like. The enterprise may choose toimplement policies to manage the client device 202. The policies may beimplanted through a firewall or gateway in such a way that the clientdevice may be identified, secured or security verified, and providedselective or full access to the enterprise resources. The policies maybe client device management policies, mobile application managementpolicies, mobile data management policies, or some combination of clientdevice, application, and data management policies. A client device 202that is managed through the application of client device managementpolicies may be referred to as an enrolled device. The client devicemanagement policies can be applied via the client application forinstance.

In some embodiments, the operating system of the client device may beseparated into a managed partition 210 and an unmanaged partition 212.The managed partition 210 may have policies applied to it to secure theapplications running on and data stored in the managed partition. Theapplications running on the managed partition may be secureapplications. In other embodiments, all applications may execute inaccordance with a set of one or more policy files received separate fromthe application, and which define one or more security parameters,features, resource restrictions, and/or other access controls that areenforced by the client device management system when that application isexecuting on the device. By operating in accordance with theirrespective policy file(s), each application may be allowed or restrictedfrom communications with one or more other applications and/orresources, thereby creating a virtual partition. Thus, as used herein, apartition may refer to a physically partitioned portion of memory(physical partition), a logically partitioned portion of memory (logicalpartition), and/or a virtual partition created as a result ofenforcement of one or more policies and/or policy files across multipleapps as described herein (virtual partition). Stated differently, byenforcing policies on managed apps, those apps may be restricted to onlybe able to communicate with other managed apps and trusted enterpriseresources, thereby creating a virtual partition that is not accessibleby unmanaged apps and devices.

The secure applications may be email applications, web browsingapplications, software-as-a-service (SaaS) access applications, WindowsApplication access applications, and the like. The client applicationcan include a secure application launcher 218. The secure applicationsmay be secure native applications 214, secure remote applications 222executed by the secure application launcher 218, virtualizationapplications 226 executed by the secure application launcher 218, andthe like. The secure native applications 214 may be wrapped by a secureapplication wrapper 220. The secure application wrapper 220 may includeintegrated policies that are executed on the client device 202 when thesecure native application is executed on the device. The secureapplication wrapper 220 may include meta-data that points the securenative application 214 running on the client device 202 to the resourceshosted at the enterprise that the secure native application 214 mayrequire to complete the task requested upon execution of the securenative application 214. The secure remote applications 222 executed by asecure application launcher 218 may be executed within the secureapplication launcher application 218. The virtualization applications226 executed by a secure application launcher 218 may utilize resourceson the client device 202, at the enterprise resources 204, and the like.The resources used on the client device 202 by the virtualizationapplications 226 executed by a secure application launcher 218 mayinclude user interaction resources, processing resources, and the like.The user interaction resources may be used to collect and transmitkeyboard input, mouse input, camera input, tactile input, audio input,visual input, gesture input, and the like. The processing resources maybe used to present a user interface, process data received from theenterprise resources 204, and the like. The resources used at theenterprise resources 204 by the virtualization applications 226 executedby a secure application launcher 218 may include user interfacegeneration resources, processing resources, and the like. The userinterface generation resources may be used to assemble a user interface,modify a user interface, refresh a user interface, and the like. Theprocessing resources may be used to create information, readinformation, update information, delete information, and the like. Forexample, the virtualization application may record user interactionsassociated with a graphical user interface (GUI) and communicate them toa server application where the server application may use the userinteraction data as an input to the application operating on the server.In this arrangement, an enterprise may elect to maintain the applicationon the server side as well as data, files, etc., associated with theapplication. While an enterprise may elect to “mobilize” someapplications in accordance with the principles herein by securing themfor deployment on the client device (e.g., via the client application),this arrangement may also be elected for certain applications. Forexample, while some applications may be secured for use on the clientdevice, others might not be prepared or appropriate for deployment onthe client device so the enterprise may elect to provide the mobile useraccess to the unprepared applications through virtualization techniques.As another example, the enterprise may have large complex applicationswith large and complex data sets (e.g., material resource planningapplications) where it would be very difficult, or otherwiseundesirable, to customize the application for the client device so theenterprise may elect to provide access to the application throughvirtualization techniques. As yet another example, the enterprise mayhave an application that maintains highly secured data (e.g., humanresources data, customer data, engineering data) that may be deemed bythe enterprise as too sensitive for even the secured mobile environmentso the enterprise may elect to use virtualization techniques to permitmobile access to such applications and data. An enterprise may elect toprovide both fully secured and fully functional applications on theclient device. The enterprise can use a client application, which caninclude a virtualization application, to allow access to applicationsthat are deemed more properly operated on the server side. In anembodiment, the virtualization application may store some data, files,etc., on the mobile phone in one of the secure storage locations. Anenterprise, for example, may elect to allow certain information to bestored on the phone while not permitting other information.

In connection with the virtualization application, as described herein,the client device may have a virtualization application that is designedto present GUIs and then record user interactions with the GUI. Thevirtualization application may communicate the user interactions to theserver side to be used by the server side application as userinteractions with the application. In response, the application on theserver side may transmit back to the client device a new GUI. Forexample, the new GUI may be a static page, a dynamic page, an animation,or the like, thereby providing access to remotely located resources.

The secure applications may access data stored in a secure datacontainer 228 in the managed partition 210 of the client device. Thedata secured in the secure data container may be accessed by the securewrapped applications 214, applications executed by a secure applicationlauncher 222, virtualization applications 226 executed by a secureapplication launcher 218, and the like. The data stored in the securedata container 228 may include files, databases, and the like. The datastored in the secure data container 228 may include data restricted to aspecific secure application 230, shared among secure applications 232,and the like. Data restricted to a secure application may include securegeneral data 234 and highly secure data 238. Secure general data may usea strong form of encryption such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)128-bit encryption or the like, while highly secure data 238 may use avery strong form of encryption such as AES 256-bit encryption. Datastored in the secure data container 228 may be deleted from the deviceupon receipt of a command from the device manager 224. The secureapplications may have a dual-mode option 240. The dual mode option 240may present the user with an option to operate the secured applicationin an unsecured or unmanaged mode. In an unsecured or unmanaged mode,the secure applications may access data stored in an unsecured datacontainer 242 on the unmanaged partition 212 of the client device 202.The data stored in an unsecured data container may be personal data 244.The data stored in an unsecured data container 242 may also be accessedby unsecured applications 248 that are running on the unmanagedpartition 212 of the client device 202. The data stored in an unsecureddata container 242 may remain on the client device 202 when the datastored in the secure data container 228 is deleted from the clientdevice 202. An enterprise may want to delete from the client deviceselected or all data, files, and/or applications owned, licensed orcontrolled by the enterprise (enterprise data) while leaving orotherwise preserving personal data, files, and/or applications owned,licensed or controlled by the user (personal data). This operation maybe referred to as a selective wipe. With the enterprise and personaldata arranged in accordance with the aspects described herein, anenterprise may perform a selective wipe.

The client device 202 may connect to enterprise resources 204 andenterprise services 208 at an enterprise, to the public Internet 248,and the like. The client device may connect to enterprise resources 204and enterprise services 208 through virtual private network connections.The virtual private network connections, also referred to as microVPN orapplication-specific VPN, may be specific to particular applications(e.g., as illustrated by microVPNs 250), particular devices, particularsecured areas on the client device (e.g., as illustrated by O/S VPN252), and the like. For example, each of the wrapped applications in thesecured area of the phone may access enterprise resources through anapplication specific VPN such that access to the VPN would be grantedbased on attributes associated with the application, possibly inconjunction with user or device attribute information. The virtualprivate network connections may carry Microsoft Exchange traffic,Microsoft Active Directory traffic, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)traffic, HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) traffic, applicationmanagement traffic, and the like. The virtual private networkconnections may support and enable single-sign-on authenticationprocesses 254. The single-sign-on processes may allow a user to providea single set of authentication credentials, which are then verified byan authentication service 258. The authentication service 258 may thengrant to the user access to multiple enterprise resources 204, withoutrequiring the user to provide authentication credentials to eachindividual enterprise resource 204.

The virtual private network connections may be established and managedby an access gateway 260. The access gateway 260 may include performanceenhancement features that manage, accelerate, and improve the deliveryof enterprise resources 204 to the client device 202. The access gatewaymay also re-route traffic from the client device 202 to the publicInternet 248, enabling the client device 202 to access publiclyavailable and unsecured applications that run on the public Internet248. The client device may connect to the access gateway via a transportnetwork 262. The transport network 262 may use one or more transportprotocols and may be a wired network, wireless network, cloud network,local area network, metropolitan area network, wide area network, publicnetwork, private network, and the like.

The enterprise resources 204 may include email servers, file sharingservers, SaaS/Web applications, Web application servers, Windowsapplication servers, and the like. Email servers may include Exchangeservers, Lotus Notes servers, and the like. File sharing servers mayinclude ShareFile servers, and the like. SaaS applications may includeSalesforce, and the like. Windows application servers may include anyapplication server that is built to provide applications that areintended to run on a local Windows operating system, and the like. Theenterprise resources 204 may be premise-based resources, cloud basedresources, and the like. The enterprise resources 204 may be accessed bythe client device 202 directly or through the access gateway 260. Theenterprise resources 204 may be accessed by the client device 202 via atransport network 262. The transport network 262 may be a wired network,wireless network, cloud network, local area network, metropolitan areanetwork, wide area network, public network, private network, and thelike.

Cloud services can include an access gateway 260 and/or enterpriseservices 208. The enterprise services 208 may include authenticationservices 258, threat detection services 264, device manager services224, file sharing services 268, policy manager services 270, socialintegration services 272, application controller services 274, and thelike. Authentication services 258 may include user authenticationservices, device authentication services, application authenticationservices, data authentication services and the like. Authenticationservices 258 may use certificates. The certificates may be stored on theclient device 202, by the enterprise resources 204, and the like. Thecertificates stored on the client device 202 may be stored in anencrypted location on the client device, the certificate may betemporarily stored on the client device 202 for use at the time ofauthentication, and the like. Threat detection services 264 may includeintrusion detection services, unauthorized access attempt detectionservices, and the like. Unauthorized access attempt detection servicesmay include unauthorized attempts to access devices, applications, data,and the like. Device management services 224 may include configuration,provisioning, security, support, monitoring, reporting, anddecommissioning services. File sharing services 268 may include filemanagement services, file storage services, file collaboration services,and the like. Policy manager services 270 may include device policymanager services, application policy manager services, data policymanager services, and the like. Social integration services 272 mayinclude contact integration services, collaboration services,integration with social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, andLinkedIn, and the like. Application controller services 274 may includemanagement services, provisioning services, deployment services,assignment services, revocation services, wrapping services, and thelike.

The enterprise mobility technical architecture 200 may include anapplication store 278. The application store 278 may include unwrappedapplications 280, pre-wrapped applications 282, and the like.Applications may be populated in the application store 278 from theapplication controller 274. The application store 278 may be accessed bythe client device 202 through the access gateway 260, through the publicInternet 248, or the like. The application store may be provided with anintuitive and easy to use User Interface.

A software development kit 284 may provide a user the capability tosecure applications selected by the user by providing a secure wrapperaround the application. An application that has been wrapped using thesoftware development kit 284 may then be made available to the clientdevice 202 by populating it in the application store 278 using theapplication controller 274.

The enterprise mobility technical architecture 200 may include amanagement and analytics capability. The management and analyticscapability may provide information related to how resources are used,how often resources are used, and the like. Resources may includedevices, applications, data, and the like. How resources are used mayinclude which devices download which applications, which applicationsaccess which data, and the like. How often resources are used mayinclude how often an application has been downloaded, how many times aspecific set of data has been accessed by an application, and the like.

FIG. 3 depicts is an illustrative embodiment of an enterprise mobilitymanagement system 300. Some of the components of the mobility managementsystem 200 described above with reference to FIG. 2 have been omittedfor the sake of simplicity. The architecture of the system 300 depictedin FIG. 3 is similar in many respects to the architecture of the system200 described above with reference to FIG. 2 and may include additionalfeatures not mentioned above.

In this case, the left hand side represents an enrolled client device302 with a client agent 304, which interacts with gateway server 306 toaccess various enterprise resources 308 and services 309 such as Web orSaaS applications, Exchange, Sharepoint, public-key infrastructure (PKI)Resources, Kerberos Resources, Certificate Issuance service, as shown onthe right hand side above. The gateway server 306 can includeembodiments of features and functionalities of the cloud services, suchas access gateway 260 and application controller functionality. Althoughnot specifically shown, the client agent 304 may be part of, and/orinteract with the client application which can operate as an enterpriseapplication store (storefront) for the selection and/or downloading ofnetwork applications.

The client agent 304 can act as a UI (user interface) intermediary forWindows apps/desktops hosted in an Enterprise data center, which areaccessed using the High-Definition User Experience (HDX) or IndependentComputing Architecture (ICA) display remoting protocol. The client agent304 can also support the installation and management of nativeapplications on the client device 302, such as native iOS or Androidapplications. For example, the managed applications 310 (mail, browser,wrapped application) shown in the figure above are native applicationsthat execute locally on the device. Client agent 304 and applicationmanagement framework of this architecture act to provide policy drivenmanagement capabilities and features such as connectivity and SSO(single sign on) to enterprise resources/services 308. The client agent304 handles primary user authentication to the enterprise, for instanceto access gateway (AG) with SSO to other gateway server components. Theclient agent 304 obtains policies from gateway server 306 to control thebehavior of the managed applications 310 on the client device 302.

The Secure interprocess communication (IPC) links 312 between the nativeapplications 310 and client agent 304 represent a management channel,which allows client agent to supply policies to be enforced by theapplication management framework 314 “wrapping” each application. TheIPC channel 312 also allows client agent 304 to supply credential andauthentication information that enables connectivity and SSO toenterprise resources 308. Finally the IPC channel 312 allows theapplication management framework 314 to invoke user interface functionsimplemented by client agent 304, such as online and offlineauthentication.

Communications between the client agent 304 and gateway server 306 areessentially an extension of the management channel from the applicationmanagement framework 314 wrapping each native managed application 310.The application management framework 314 requests policy informationfrom client agent 304, which in turn requests it from gateway server306. The application management framework 314 requests authentication,and client agent 304 logs into the gateway services part of gatewayserver 306 (also known as NetScaler access gateway). Client agent 304may also call supporting services on gateway server 306, which mayproduce input material to derive encryption keys for the local datavaults 316, or provide client certificates which may enable directauthentication to PKI protected resources, as more fully explainedbelow.

In more detail, the application management framework 314 “wraps” eachmanaged application 310. This may be incorporated via an explicit buildstep, or via a post-build processing step. The application managementframework 314 may “pair” with client agent 304 on first launch of anapplication 310 to initialize the Secure IPC channel and obtain thepolicy for that application. The application management framework 314may enforce relevant portions of the policy that apply locally, such asthe client agent login dependencies and some of the containment policiesthat restrict how local OS services may be used, or how they mayinteract with the application 310.

The application management framework 314 may use services provided byclient agent 304 over the Secure IPC channel 312 to facilitateauthentication and internal network access. Key management for theprivate and shared data vaults 316 (containers) may be also managed byappropriate interactions between the managed applications 310 and clientagent 304. Vaults 316 may be available only after online authentication,or may be made available after offline authentication if allowed bypolicy. First use of vaults 316 may require online authentication, andoffline access may be limited to at most the policy refresh periodbefore online authentication is again required.

Network access to internal resources may occur directly from individualmanaged applications 310 through access gateway 306. The applicationmanagement framework 314 is responsible for orchestrating the networkaccess on behalf of each application 310. Client agent 304 mayfacilitate these network connections by providing suitable time limitedsecondary credentials obtained following online authentication. Multiplemodes of network connection may be used, such as reverse web proxyconnections and end-to-end VPN-style tunnels 318.

The Mail and Browser managed applications 310 can have special statusand may make use of facilities that might not be generally available toarbitrary wrapped applications. For example, the Mail application mayuse a special background network access mechanism that allows it toaccess Exchange over an extended period of time without requiring a fullAG logon. The Browser application may use multiple private data vaultsto segregate different kinds of data.

This architecture can support the incorporation of various othersecurity features. For example, gateway server 306 (including itsgateway services) in some cases might not need to validate activedirectory (AD) passwords. It can be left to the discretion of anenterprise whether an AD password is used as an authentication factorfor some users in some situations. Different authentication methods maybe used if a user is online or offline (i.e., connected or not connectedto a network).

Step up authentication is a feature wherein gateway server 306 mayidentify managed native applications 310 that are allowed to have accessto more sensitive data using strong authentication, and ensure thataccess to these applications is only permitted after performingappropriate authentication, even if this means a re-authentication isrequested from the user after a prior weaker level of login.

Another security feature of this solution is the encryption of the datavaults 316 (containers) on the client device 302. The vaults 316 may beencrypted so that all on-device data including clipboard/cache data,files, databases, and configurations are protected. For on-line vaults,the keys may be stored on the server (gateway server 306), and foroff-line vaults, a local copy of the keys may be protected by a userpassword or biometric validation. When data is stored locally on thedevice 302 in the secure container 316, it is preferred that a minimumof AES 256 encryption algorithm be utilized.

Other secure container features may also be implemented. For example, alogging feature may be included, wherein all security events happeninginside an application 310 are logged and reported to the backend. Datawiping may be supported, such as if the application 310 detectstampering, associated encryption keys may be written over with randomdata, leaving no hint on the file system that user data was destroyed.Screenshot protection is another feature, where an application mayprevent any data from being stored in screenshots. For example, the keywindow's hidden property may be set to YES. This may cause whatevercontent is currently displayed on the screen to be hidden, resulting ina blank screenshot where any content would normally reside.

Local data transfer may be prevented, such as by preventing any datafrom being locally transferred outside the application container, e.g.,by copying it or sending it to an external application. A keyboard cachefeature may operate to disable the autocorrect functionality forsensitive text fields. SSL certificate validation may be operable so theapplication specifically validates the server SSL certificate instead ofit being stored in the keychain. An encryption key generation featuremay be used such that the key used to encrypt data on the device isgenerated using a passphrase or biometric data supplied by the user (ifoffline access is required). It may be XORed with another key randomlygenerated and stored on the server side if offline access is notrequired. Key Derivation functions may operate such that keys generatedfrom the user password use KDFs (key derivation functions, notablyPassword-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2)) rather than creatinga cryptographic hash of it. The latter makes a key susceptible to bruteforce or dictionary attacks.

Further, one or more initialization vectors may be used in encryptionmethods. An initialization vector might cause multiple copies of thesame encrypted data to yield different cipher text output, preventingboth replay and cryptanalytic attacks. This may also prevent an attackerfrom decrypting any data even with a stolen encryption key. Further,authentication then decryption may be used, wherein application data isdecrypted only after the user has authenticated within the application.Another feature may relate to sensitive data in memory, which may bekept in memory (and not in disk) only when it's needed. For example,login credentials may be wiped from memory after login, and encryptionkeys and other data inside objective-C instance variables are notstored, as they may be easily referenced. Instead, memory may bemanually allocated for these.

An inactivity timeout may be implemented via the CEB, wherein after apolicy-defined period of inactivity, a user session is terminated.

Data leakage from the application management framework 314 may beprevented in other ways. For example, when an application 310 is put inthe background, the memory may be cleared after a predetermined(configurable) time period. When backgrounded, a snapshot may be takenof the last displayed screen of the application to fasten theforegrounding process. The screenshot may contain confidential data andhence should be cleared.

Another security feature relates to the use of an OTP (one timepassword) 320 without the use of an AD (active directory) 322 passwordfor access to one or more applications. In some cases, some users do notknow (or are not permitted to know) their AD password, so these usersmay authenticate using an OTP 320 such as by using a hardware OTP systemlike SecurID (OTPs may be provided by different vendors also, such asEntrust or Gemalto). In some cases, after a user authenticates with auser ID, a text is sent to the user with an OTP 320. In some cases, thismay be implemented only for online use, with a prompt being a singlefield.

An offline password may be implemented for offline authentication forthose applications 310 for which offline use is permitted via enterprisepolicy. For example, an enterprise may want storefront to be accessed inthis manner. In this case, the client agent 304 may require the user toset a custom offline password and the AD password is not used. Gatewayserver 306 may provide policies to control and enforce passwordstandards with respect to the minimum length, character classcomposition, and age of passwords, such as described by the standardWindows Server password complexity requirements, although theserequirements may be modified.

Another feature relates to the enablement of a client side certificatefor certain applications 310 as secondary credentials (for the purposeof accessing PKI protected web resources via the application managementframework micro VPN feature). For example, an application may utilizesuch a certificate. In this case, certificate-based authentication usingActiveSync protocol may be supported, wherein a certificate from theclient agent 304 may be retrieved by gateway server 306 and used in akeychain. Each managed application may have one associated clientcertificate, identified by a label that is defined in gateway server306.

Gateway server 306 may interact with an Enterprise special purpose webservice to support the issuance of client certificates to allow relevantmanaged applications to authenticate to internal PKI protectedresources.

The client agent 304 and the application management framework 314 may beenhanced to support obtaining and using client certificates forauthentication to internal PKI protected network resources. More thanone certificate may be supported, such as to match various levels ofsecurity and/or separation requirements. The certificates may be used bythe Mail and Browser managed applications, and ultimately by arbitrarywrapped applications (provided those applications use web service stylecommunication patterns where it is reasonable for the applicationmanagement framework to mediate https requests).

Application management client certificate support on iOS may rely onimporting public-key cryptography standards (PKCS) 12 BLOB (Binary LargeObject) into the iOS keychain in each managed application for eachperiod of use. Application management framework client certificatesupport may use a HTTPS implementation with private in-memory keystorage. The client certificate might never be present in the iOSkeychain and might not be persisted except potentially in “online-only”data value that is strongly protected.

Mutual SSL or TLS may also be implemented to provide additional securityby requiring that a client device 302 is authenticated to theenterprise, and vice versa. Virtual smart cards for authentication togateway server 306 may also be implemented.

Both limited and full Kerberos support may be additional features. Thefull support feature relates to an ability to do full Kerberos login toActive Directory (AD) 322, using an AD password or trusted clientcertificate, and obtain Kerberos service tickets to respond to HTTPNegotiate authentication challenges. The limited support feature relatesto constrained delegation in Citrix Access Gateway Enterprise Edition(AGEE), where AGEE supports invoking Kerberos protocol transition so itcan obtain and use Kerberos service tickets (subject to constraineddelegation) in response to HTTP Negotiate authentication challenges.This mechanism works in reverse web proxy (aka corporate virtual privatenetwork (CVPN)) mode, and when http (but not https) connections areproxied in VPN and MicroVPN mode.

Another feature relates to application container locking and wiping,which may automatically occur upon jail-break or rooting detections, andoccur as a pushed command from administration console, and may includeremote wipe functionality even when an application 310 is not running.

A multi-site architecture or configuration of enterprise applicationstore and an application controller may be supported that allows usersto be service from one of several different locations in case offailure.

In some cases, managed applications 310 may be allowed to access acertificate and private key via an API (example OpenSSL). Trustedmanaged applications 310 of an enterprise may be allowed to performspecific Public Key operations with an application's client certificateand private key. Various use cases may be identified and treatedaccordingly, such as when an application behaves like a browser and nocertificate access is used, when an application reads a certificate for“who am I,” when an application uses the certificate to build a securesession token, and when an application uses private keys for digitalsigning of important data (e.g., transaction log) or for temporary dataencryption.

Referring now to FIG. 4, depicted is a block diagram of a system 400 ofan embedded browser. In brief overview, the system 400 may include aclient device 402 with a digital workspace for a user, a clientapplication 404, cloud services 408 operating on at least one networkdevice 432, and network applications 406 served from and/or hosted onone or more servers 430. The client application 404 can for instanceinclude at least one of: an embedded browser 410, a networking agent412, a cloud services agent 414, a remote session agent 416, or a securecontainer 418. The cloud services 408 can for instance include at leastone of: secure browser(s) 420, an access gateway 422 (or CIS, e.g., forregistering and/or authenticating the client application and/or user),or analytics services 424 (or CAS, e.g., for receiving information fromthe client application for analytics). The network applications 406 caninclude sanctioned applications 426 and non-sanctioned applications 428.

Each of the above-mentioned elements or entities is implemented inhardware, or a combination of hardware and software, in one or moreembodiments. Each component of the system 400 may be implemented usinghardware or a combination of hardware or software detailed above inconnection with FIG. 1. For instance, each of these elements or entitiescan include any application, program, library, script, task, service,process or any type and form of executable instructions executing onhardware of the client device 402, the at least one network device 432and/or the one or more servers 430. The hardware includes circuitry suchas one or more processors in one or more embodiments. For example, theat least one network device 432 and/or the one or more servers 430 caninclude any of the elements of a computing device described above inconnection with at least FIG. 1 for instance.

The client device 402 can include any embodiment of a computing devicedescribed above in connection with at least FIG. 1 for instance. Theclient device 402 can include any user device such as a desktopcomputer, a laptop computer, a tablet device, a smart phone, or anyother mobile or personal device. The client device 402 can include adigital workspace of a user, which can include file system(s), cache ormemory (e.g., including electronic clipboard(s)), container(s),application(s) and/or other resources on the client device 402. Thedigital workspace can include or extend to one or more networksaccessible by the client device 402, such as an intranet and theInternet, including file system(s) and/or other resources accessible viathe one or more networks. A portion of the digital workspace can besecured via the use of the client application 404 with embedded browser410 (CEB) for instance. The secure portion of the digital workspace caninclude for instance file system(s), cache or memory (e.g., includingelectronic clipboard(s)), application(s), container(s) and/or otherresources allocated to the CEB, and/or allocated by the CEB to networkapplication(s) 406 accessed via the CEB. The secure portion of thedigital workspace can also include resources specified by the CEB (viaone or more policies) for inclusion in the secure portion of the digitalworkspace (e.g., a particular local application can be specified via apolicy to be allowed to receive data obtained from a networkapplication).

The client application 404 can include one or more components, such asan embedded browser 410, a networking agent 412, a cloud services agent414 (sometimes referred to as management agent), a remote session agent416 (sometimes referred to as HDX engine), and/or a secure container 418(sometimes referred to as secure cache container). One or more of thecomponents can be installed as part of a software build or release ofthe client application 404 or CEB, or separately acquired or downloadedand installed/integrated into an existing installation of the clientapplication 404 or CEB for instance. For instance, the client device maydownload or otherwise receive the client application 404 (or anycomponent) from the network device(s) 432. In some embodiments, theclient device may send a request for the client application 404 to thenetwork device(s) 432. For example, a user of the client device caninitiate a request, download and/or installation of the clientapplication. The network device(s) 432 in turn may send the clientapplication to the client device. In some embodiments, the networkdevice(s) 432 may send a setup or installation application for theclient application to the client device. Upon receipt, the client devicemay install the client application onto a hard disk of the clientdevice. In some embodiments, the client device may run the setupapplication to unpack or decompress a package of the client application.In some embodiments, the client application may be an extension (e.g.,an add-on, an add-in, an applet or a plug-in) to another application(e.g., a networking agent 412) installed on the client device. Theclient device may install the client application to interface orinter-operate with the pre-installed application. In some embodiments,the client application may be a standalone application. The clientdevice may install the client application to execute as a separateprocess.

The embedded browser 410 can include elements and functionalities of aweb browser application or engine. The embedded browser 410 can locallyrender network application(s) as a component or extension of the clientapplication. For instance, the embedded browser 410 can render aSaaS/Web application inside the CEB which can provide the CEB with fullvisibility and control of the application session. The embedded browsercan be embedded or incorporated into the client application via anymeans, such as direct integration (e.g., programming language or scriptinsertion) into the executable code of the client application, or viaplugin installation. For example, the embedded browser can include aChromium based browser engine or other type of browser engine, that canbe embedded into the client application, using the Chromium embeddedframework (CEF) for instance. The embedded browser can include aHTML5-based layout graphical user interface (GUI). The embedded browsercan provide HTML rendering and JavaScript support to a clientapplication incorporating various programming languages. For example,elements of the embedded browser can bind to a client applicationincorporating C, C++, Delphi, Go, Java, .NET/Mono, Visual Basic 6.0,and/or Python.

In some embodiments, the embedded browser comprises a plug-in installedon the client application. For example, the plug-in can include one ormore components. One such component can be an ActiveX control or Javacontrol or any other type and/or form of executable instructions capableof loading into and executing in the client application. For example,the client application can load and run an Active X control of theembedded browser, such as in a memory space or context of the clientapplication. In some embodiments, the embedded browser can be installedas an extension on the client application, and a user can choose toenable or disable the plugin or extension. The embedded browser (e.g.,via the plugin or extension) can form or operate as a secured browserfor securing, using and/or accessing resources within the securedportion of the digital workspace.

The embedded browser can incorporate code and functionalities beyondthat available or possible in a standard or typical browser. Forinstance, the embedded browser can bind with or be assigned with asecured container 418, to define at least part of the secured portion ofa user's digital workspace. The embedded browser can bind with or beassigned with a portion of the client device's cache to form a securedclipboard (e.g., local to the client device, or extendable to otherdevices), that can be at least part of the secured container 418. Theembedded browser can be integrated with the client application to ensurethat traffic related to network applications is routed through and/orprocessed in the client application, which can provide the clientapplication with real-time visibility to the traffic (e.g., whendecrypted through the client application). This visibility to thetraffic can allow the client application to perform or facilitatepolicy-based management (e.g., including data loss prevention (DLP)capabilities), application control, and collection and production ofanalytics.

In some embodiments, the embedded browser incorporates one or more othercomponents of the client application 404, such as the cloud servicesagent 414, remote session agent 416 and/or secure container 418. Forinstance, a user can use the cloud services agent 414 of the embeddedbrowser to interoperate with the access gateway 422 (sometimes referredto as CIS) to access a network application. For example, the cloudservices agent 414 can execute within the embedded browser, and canreceive and transmit navigation commands from the embedded browser to ahosted network application. The cloud services agent can use a remotepresentation protocol to display the output generated by the networkapplication to the embedded browser. For example, the cloud servicesagent 414 can include a HTML5 web client that allows end users to accessremote desktops and/or applications on the embedded browser.

The client application 404 and CEB operate on the application layer ofthe operational (OSI) stack of the client device. The client application404 can include and/or execute one or more agents that interoperate withthe cloud services 408. The client application 404 can receive, obtain,retrieve or otherwise access various policies (e.g., an enterprise'scustom, specified or internal policies or rules) and/or data (e.g., froman access gateway 422 and/or network device(s) of cloud services 408, orother server(s), that may be managed by the enterprise). The clientapplication can access the policies and/or data to control and/or managea network application (e.g., a SaaS, web or remote-hosted application).Control and/or management of a network application can include controland/or management of various aspects of the network application, such asaccess control, session delivery, available features or functions,service level, traffic management and monitoring, and so on. The networkapplication can be from a provider or vendor of the enterprise (e.g.,salesforce.com, SAP, Microsoft Office 365), from the enterprise itself,or from another entity (e.g., Dropbox or Gmail service).

For example, the cloud services agent 414 can provide policy drivenmanagement capabilities and features related to the use and/or access ofnetwork applications. For example, the cloud services agent 414 caninclude a policy engine to apply one or more policies (e.g., receivedfrom cloud services) to determine access control and/or connectivity toresources such as network applications. When a session is establishedbetween the client application and a server 430 providing a SaaSapplication for instance, the cloud services agent 414 can apply one ormore policies to control traffic levels and/or traffic types (or otheraspects) of the session, for instance to manage a service level of theSaaS application. Additional aspects of the application traffic that canbe controlled or managed can include encryption level and/or encryptiontype applied to the traffic, level of interactivity allowed for a user,limited access to certain features of the network application (e.g.,print-screen, save, edit or copy functions), restrictions to use ortransfer of data obtained from the network application, limit concurrentaccess to two or more network applications, limit access to certain filerepositories or other resources, and so on.

The cloud services agent 414 can convey or feed information to analyticsservices 424 of the cloud services 408, such as information about SaaSinteraction events visible to the CEB. Such a configuration using theCEB can monitor or capture information for analytics without having aninline device or proxy located between the client device and theserver(s) 430, or using a SaaS API gateway ‘out-of-band’ approach. Insome embodiments, the cloud services agent 414 does not execute withinthe embedded browser. In these embodiments, a user can similarly use thecloud services agent 414 to interoperate with the access gateway (orCIS) 422 to access a network application. For instance, the cloudservices agent 414 can register and/or authenticate with the accessgateway (or CIS) 422, and can obtain a list of the network applicationsfrom the access gateway (or CIS) 422. The cloud services agent 414 caninclude and/or operate as an application store (or storefront) for userselection and/or downloading of network applications. Upon logging in toaccess a network application, the cloud services agent 414 can interceptand transmit navigation commands from the embedded browser to thenetwork application. The cloud services agent can use a remotepresentation protocol to display the output generated by the networkapplication to the embedded browser. For example, the cloud servicesagent 414 can include a HTML5 web client that allows end users to accessremote desktops and/or applications on the embedded browser.

In some embodiments, the cloud services agent 414 provides single signon (SSO) capability for the user and/or client device to access aplurality of network applications. The cloud services agent 414 canperform user authentication to access network applications as well asother network resources and services, by communicating with the accessgateway 422 for instance. For example, the cloud services agent 414 canauthenticate or register with the access gateway 422, to access othercomponents of the cloud services 408 and/or the network applications406. Responsive to the authentication or registration, the accessgateway 422 can perform authentication and/or SSO for (or on behalf of)the user and/or client application, with the network applications.

The client application 404 can include a networking agent 412. Thenetworking agent 412 is sometimes referred to as a software-defined widearea network (SD-WAN) agent, mVPN agent, or microVPN agent. Thenetworking agent 412 can establish or facilitate establishment of anetwork connection between the client application and one or moreresources (e.g., server 430 serving a network application). Thenetworking agent 412 can perform handshaking for a requested connectionfrom the client application to access a network application, and canestablish the requested connection (e.g., secure or encryptedconnection). The networking agent 412 can connect to enterpriseresources (including services) for instance via a virtual privatenetwork (VPN). For example, the networking agent 412 can establish asecure socket layer (SSL) VPN between the client application and aserver 430 providing the network application 406. The VPN connections,sometimes referred to as microVPN or application-specific VPN, may bespecific to particular network applications, particular devices,particular secured areas on the client device, and the like, forinstance as discussed above in connection with FIG. 3. Such VPNconnections can carry Microsoft Exchange traffic, Microsoft ActiveDirectory traffic, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic, HyperTextTransfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) traffic, as some examples.

The remote session agent 416 (sometimes referred to as HDX engine) caninclude features of the client agent 304 discussed above in connectionwith FIG. 2 for instance, to support display a remoting protocol (e.g.,HDX or ICA). In some embodiments, the remote session agent 416 canestablish a remote desktop session and/or remote application session inaccordance with any variety of protocols, such as the Remote DesktopProtocol (RDP), Appliance Link Protocol (ALP), Remote Frame Buffer (RFB)Protocol, and ICA Protocol. For example, the remote session agent 416can establish a remote application session for a user of the clientdevice to access an enterprise network application. The remote sessionagent 416 can establish the remote application session within or over asecure connection (e.g., a VPN) established by the networking agent 412for instance.

The client application or CEB can include or be associated with a securecontainer 418. A secure container can include a logical or virtualdelineation of one or more types of resources accessible within theclient device and/or accessible by the client device. For example, thesecure container 418 can refer to the entirety of the secured portion ofthe digital workspace, or particular aspect(s) of the secured portion.In some embodiments, the secure container 418 corresponds to a securecache (e.g., electronic or virtual clipboard), and can dynamicallyincorporate a portion of a local cache of each client device of a user,and/or a cloud-based cache of the user, that is protected or secured(e.g., encrypted). The secure container can define a portion of filesystem(s), and/or delineate resources allocated to a CEB and/or tonetwork applications accessed via the CEB. The secure container caninclude elements of the secure data container 228 discussed above inconnection with FIG. 2 for example. The CEB can be configured (e.g., viapolicies) to limit, disallow or disable certain actions or activities onresources and/or data identified to be within a secure container. Asecured container can be defined to specify that the resources and/ordata within the secure container are to be monitored for misuse, abuseand/or exfiltration.

In certain embodiments, a secure container relates to or involves theuse of a secure browser (e.g., embedded browser 410 or secure browser420) that implements various enterprise security features. Networkapplications (or web pages accessed by the secure browser) that areconfigured to run within the secure browser can effectively inherit thesecurity mechanisms implemented by the secure browser. These networkapplications can be considered to be contained within the securecontainer. The use of such a secure browser can enable an enterprise toimplement a content filtering policy in which, for example, employeesare blocked from accessing certain web sites from their client devices.The secure browser can be used, for example, to enable client deviceusers to access a corporate intranet without the need fora VPN.

In some embodiments, a secure container can support various types ofremedial actions for protecting enterprise resources. One such remedy isto lock the client device, or a secure container on the client devicethat stores data to be protected, such that the client device or securecontainer can only be unlocked with a valid code provided by anadministrator for instance. In some embodiments, these and other typesof remedies can be invoked automatically based on conditions detected onthe client device (via the application of policies for instance), or canbe remotely initiated by an administrator.

In some embodiments, a secure container can include a secure documentcontainer for documents. A document can comprise any computer-readablefile including text, audio, video, and/or other types of information ormedia. A document can comprise any single one or combination of thesemedia types. As explained herein, the secure container can help preventthe spread of enterprise information to different applications andcomponents of the client device, as well as to other devices. Theenterprise system (which can be partially or entirely within a cloudnetwork) can transmit documents to various devices, which can be storedwithin the secure container. The secure container can preventunauthorized applications and other components of the client device fromaccessing information within the secure container. For enterprises thatallow users to use their own client devices for accessing, storing, andusing enterprise data, providing secure container on the client deviceshelps to secure the enterprise data. For instance, providing securecontainers on the client devices can centralize enterprise data in onelocation on each client device, and can facilitate selective or completedeletion of enterprise data from each client device when desired.

The secure container can include an application that implements a filesystem that stores documents and/or other types of files. The filesystem can comprise a portion of a computer-readable memory of theclient device. The file system can be logically separated from otherportions of the computer-readable memory of the client device. In thisway, enterprise data can be stored in a secure container and privatedata can be stored in a separate portion of the computer-readable memoryof the client device for instance. The secure container can allow theCEB, network applications accessed via the CEB, locally installedapplications and/or other components of the client device to read from,write to, and/or delete information from the file system (if authorizedto do so). Deleting data from the secure container can include deletingactual data stored in the secure container, deleting pointers to datastored in the secure container, deleting encryption keys used to decryptdata stored in the secure container, and the like. The secure containercan be installed by, e.g., the client application, an administrator, orthe client device manufacturer. The secure container can enable some orall of the enterprise data stored in the file system to be deletedwithout modifying private data stored on the client device outside ofthe secure container. The file system can facilitate selective orcomplete deletion of data from the file system. For example, anauthorized component of the enterprise's system can delete data from thefile system based on, e.g., encoded rules. In some embodiments, theclient application can delete the data from the file system, in responseto receiving a deletion command from the enterprise's system.

The secure container can include an access manager that governs accessto the file system by applications and other components of the clientdevice. Access to the file system can be governed based on documentaccess policies (e.g., encoded rules) maintained by the clientapplication, in the documents and/or in the file system. A documentaccess policy can limit access to the file system based on (1) whichapplication or other component of the client device is requestingaccess, (2) which documents are being requested, (3) time or date, (4)geographical position of the client device, (5) whether the requestingapplication or other component provides a correct certificate orcredentials, (6) whether the user of the client device provides correctcredentials, (7) other conditions, or any combination thereof. A user'scredentials can comprise, for example, a password, one or more answersto security questions (e.g., What is the mascot of your high school?),biometric information (e.g., fingerprint scan, eye-scan), and the like.Hence, by using the access manager, the secure container can beconfigured to be accessed only by applications that are authorized toaccess the secure container. As one example, the access manager canenable enterprise applications installed on the client device to accessdata stored in the secure container and to prevent non-enterpriseapplications from accessing the data stored in the secure container.

Temporal and geographic restrictions on document access may be useful.For example, an administrator may deploy a document access policy thatrestricts the availability of the documents (stored within the securecontainer) to a specified time window and/or a geographic zone (e.g., asdetermined by a GPS chip) within which the client device must reside inorder to access the documents. Further, the document access policy caninstruct the secure container or client application to delete thedocuments from the secure container or otherwise make them unavailablewhen the specified time period expires or if the client device is takenoutside of the defined geographic zone.

Some documents can have access policies that forbid the document frombeing saved within the secure container. In such embodiments, thedocument can be available for viewing on the client device only when theuser is logged in or authenticated via the cloud services for example.

The access manager can also be configured to enforce certain modes ofconnectivity between remote devices (e.g., an enterprise resource orother enterprise server) and the secure container. For example, theaccess manager can require that documents received by the securecontainer from a remote device and/or sent from the secure container tothe remote device be transmitted through secured tunnels/connections,for example. The access manager can require that all documentstransmitted to and from the secure container be encrypted. The clientapplication or access manager can be configured to encrypt documentssent from the secure container and decrypt documents sent to the securecontainer. Documents in the secure container can also be stored in anencrypted form.

The secure container can be configured to prevent documents or dataincluded within documents or the secure container from being used byunauthorized applications or components of the client device or otherdevices. For instance, a client device application having authorizationto access documents from the secure container can be programmed toprevent a user from copying a document's data and pasting it intoanother file or application interface, or locally saving the document ordocument data as a new file outside of the secure container. Similarly,the secure container can include a document viewer and/or editor that donot permit such copy/paste and local save operations. Moreover, theaccess manager can be configured to prevent such copy/paste and localsave operations. Further, the secure container and applicationsprogrammed and authorized to access documents from the secure containercan be configured to prevent users from attaching such documents toemails or other forms of communication.

One or more applications (e.g., applications installed on the clientdevice, and/or network applications accessed via the CEB) can beprogrammed or controlled (e.g., via policy-based enforcement) to writeenterprise-related data only into the secure container. For instance, anapplication's source code can be provided with the resource name of thesecure container. Similarly, a remote application (e.g., executing on adevice other than the client device) can be configured to send data ordocuments only to the secure container (as opposed to other componentsor memory locations of the client device). Storing data to the securecontainer can occur automatically, for example, under control of theapplication, the client application, and/or the secure browser. Theclient application can be programmed to encrypt or decrypt documentsstored or to be stored within the secure container. In certainembodiments, the secure container can only be used by applications (onthe client device or a remote device) that are programmed to identifyand use the secure container, and which have authorization to do so.

The network applications 406 can include sanctioned network applications426 and non-sanctioned network applications 428. By way of anon-limiting example, sanctioned network applications 426 can includenetwork applications from Workday, Salesforce, Office 365, SAP, and soon, while non-sanctioned network applications 426 can include networkapplications from Dropbox, Gmail, and so on. For instance, FIG. 4illustrates a case where sanctioned applications 426 are accessed via aCEB. In operation (1), a user instance of a client application 404, thatis installed on client device 402, can register or authenticate with theaccess gateway 422 of cloud services 408. For example, the user canauthenticate the user to the client device and login to the clientdevice 402. The client application can automatically execute, or beactivated by the user. In some embodiments, the user can sign in to theclient application (e.g., by authenticating the user to the clientapplication). In response to the login or sign-in, the clientapplication can register or authenticate the user and/or the clientapplication with the access gateway 422.

In operation (2), in response to the registration or authentication, theaccess gateway 422 can identify or retrieve a list of enumerated networkapplications available or pre-assigned to the user, and can provide thelist to the client application. For example, in response to theregistration or authentication, the access gateway can identify the userand/or retrieve a user profile of the user. According to the identityand/or user profile, the access gateway can determine the list (e.g.,retrieve a stored list of network applications matched with the userprofile and/or the identity of the user). The list can correspond to alist of network applications sanctioned for the user. The access gatewaycan send the list to the client application or embedded browser, whichcan be presented via the client application or embedded browser to theuser (e.g., in a storefront user interface) for selection.

In operation (3), the user can initiate connection to a sanctionednetwork application (e.g., a SaaS application), by selecting from thelist of network applications presented to the user. For example, theuser can click on an icon or other representation of the sanctionednetwork application, displayed via the client application or embeddedbrowser. This user action can trigger the CEB to transmit a connectionor access request to a server that provisions the network application.The request can include a request to the server (e.g., SaaS provider) tocommunicate with the access gateway to authenticate the user. The servercan send a request to the access gateway to authenticate the user forexample.

In operation (4), the access gateway can perform SSO with the server, toauthenticate the user. For example, in response to the server's requestto authenticate the user, the access gateway can provide credentials ofthe user to the server(s) 430 for SSO, to access the selected networkapplication and/or other sanctioned network applications. In operation(5), the user can log into the selected network application, based onthe SSO (e.g., using the credentials). The client application (e.g., thenetworking agent 412 and/or the remote session agent 416) can establisha secure connection and session with the server(s) 430 to access theselected network application. The CEB can decrypt application trafficreceived via the secure connection. The CEB can monitor traffic sent viathe CEB and the secured connection to the servers 430.

In operation (6), the client application can provide information to theanalytics services 424 of cloud services 408, for analytics processing.For example, the cloud services agent 414 of the client application 404can monitor for or capture user interaction events with the selectednetwork application. The cloud services agent 414 can convey the userinteraction events to the analytics services 424, to be processed toproduce analytics.

FIG. 5 depicts an example embodiment of a system for using a securebrowser. In brief overview, the system includes cloud services 408,network applications 406 and client device 402. In some embodiments,various elements of the system are similar to that described above forFIG. 4, but that the client application (with embedded browser) is notavailable in the client device 402. A standard or typical browser may beavailable on the client device, from which a user can initiate a requestto access a sanctioned network application for instance. A networkapplication can be specified as being sanctioned or unsanctioned viapolicies that can be set by an administrator or automatically (e.g., viaartificial intelligence).

For example, in operation (1), the user may log into the networkapplication using the standard browser. For accessing a sanctionednetwork application, the user may access a predefined URL and/orcorresponding webpage of a server that provisions the networkapplication, via the standard browser, to initiate a request to accessthe network application. In some embodiments, the request can beforwarded to or intercepted by a designated gateway service (e.g., in adata path of the request). For example, the gateway service can resideon the client device (e.g., as an executable program), or can reside ona network device 432 of the cloud services 408 for instance. In someembodiments, the access gateway can correspond to or include the gatewayservice. The gateway service can determine if the requested networkapplication is a sanctioned network application. The gateway service candetermine if a CEB initiated the request. The gateway service can detector otherwise determine that the request is initiated from a source(e.g., initiated by the standard browser) in the client device otherthan a CEB. In some embodiments, there is no requirement for adesignated gateway service to detect or determine if the request isinitiated from a CEB, for example if the requested network applicationis sanctioned, that user is initiating the request via a standardbrowser, and/or that the predefined URL and/or corresponding webpage isaccessed.

In operation (2), the server may authenticate the user via the accessgateway of the cloud services 408. The server may communicate with theaccess gateway to authenticate the user, in response to the request. Forinstance, the request can include an indication to the server tocommunicate with the access gateway to authenticate the user. In someembodiments, the server is pre-configured to communicate with the accessgateway to authenticate the user, for requests to access a sanctionednetwork application. The server may send a request to the access gatewayto authenticate the user. In response to the server's request toauthenticate the user, the access gateway can provide credentials of theuser to the server 430.

In operation (3), the gateway service and/or the server can direct (orredirect) all traffic to a secure browser 420 which provides a securebrowsing service. This may be in response to at least one of: adetermination that the requested network application is a sanctionednetwork application, a determination that the request is initiated froma source other than a CEB, a determination that the requested networkapplication is sanctioned, a determination that user is initiating therequest via a standard browser, and/or a determination that thepredefined URL and/or corresponding webpage is accessed.

The user's URL session can be redirected to the secure browser. Forexample, the server, gateway service and/or the access gateway cangenerate and/or send a URL redirect message to the standard browser,responsive to the determination. The secure browser plug-in of thestandard browser can receive the URL redirect message, and can forexample send a request to access the non-sanctioned network application,to the secure browser 420. The secure browser 420 can direct the requestto the server of the non-sanctioned network application. The URLredirect message can instruct the standard browser (and/or the securebrowser plug-in) to direct traffic (e.g., destined for the networkapplication) from the standard browser to the secure browser 420 hostedon a network device. This can provide clientless access and control viadynamic routing though a secure browser service. In some embodiments, aredirection of all traffic to the secure browser 420 is initiated orconfigured, prior to performing authentication of the user (e.g., usingSSO) with the server.

In some embodiments, the gateway service can direct or request theserver of the requested network application to communicate with thesecure browser 420. For example, the gateway service can direct theserver and/or the secure browser to establish a secured connectionbetween the server and the secure browser, for establishing anapplication session for the network application.

In some embodiments, the secured browser 420 comprises a browser that ishosted on a network device 432 of the cloud services 408. The securedbrowser 420 can include one or more features of the secured browser 420described above in connection with at least FIG. 4 for instance. Thehosted browser can include an embedded browser of a CEB that is hostedon the network device 432 instead of on the client device. The hostedbrowser can include an embedded browser of a hosted virtualized versionof the CEB that is hosted on the network device 432. Similar to the CEBinstalled on the client device, traffic is routed through the CEB hostedon the network device, which allows an administrator to have visibilityof the traffic through the CEB and to remain in control for securitypolicy control, analytics, and/or management of performance.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example implementation for browser redirectionusing a secure browser plug-in. In brief overview, the implementationincludes a web browser 512 with a secure browser plug-in 516 operatingon a client device, and a hosted web browser (or secure browser) 522residing on a network device. The web browser 512 can correspond to astandard browser, instead of an embedded browser as discussed above inconnection with FIG. 4 for example. The secure browser plug-in 516 canexecute within a first network 510 and access a server 430 in a secondnetwork 530. The first network 510 and the second network 530 are forillustration purposes and may be replaced with fewer or additionalcomputer networks. A secure browser plug-in 516 can be installed on thestandard browser 512. The plug-in can include one or more components.One such component can include an ActiveX control or Java control or anyother type and/or form of executable instructions capable of loadinginto and executing in the standard browser. For example, the standardbrowser can load and run an Active X control of the secure browserplug-in 516, in a memory space or context of the standard browser. Insome embodiments, the secure browser plug-in can be installed as anextension on the standard browser, and a user can choose to enable ordisable the plugin or extension. The secure browser plug-in cancommunicate and/or operate with the secured browser 420 for securing,using and/or accessing resources within the secured portion of thedigital workspace.

By using the secure browser plug-in 516 operating within the standardbrowser 512 network applications accessed via the standard browser 512can be redirected to a hosted secure browser. For instance, the securebrowser plug-in 516 can be implemented and/or designed to detect that anetwork application is being accessed via the standard browser, and candirect/redirect traffic from the client device associated with thenetwork application, to the hosted secure browser. The hosted securebrowser can direct traffic received from the network application, to thesecure browser plug-in 516 and/or a client agent 514 for renderingand/or display for example. The client agent 514 can execute within theweb browser 512 and/or the secure browser plug-in, and can includecertain elements or features of the client application 404 discussedabove in connection with at least FIG. 4 for example. For instance, theclient agent 514 can include a remote session agent 416 for renderingthe network application at the web browser 512. In some embodiments, thenetwork application is rendered at the hosted secure browser, and therendered data is conveyed or mirrored to the secure browser plug-in 516and/or the client agent 514 for processing and/or display.

By way of an example, a user may be working remotely and may want toaccess a network application that is internal to a secure corporatenetwork while the user is working on a computing device connected to anunsecure network. In this case, the user may be utilizing the standardbrowser 512 executing in the first network 510, in which the firstnetwork 510 may comprise an unsecure network. The server 430 that theuser wants to access may be on the second network 530, in which thesecond network 530 comprises a secure corporate network for instance.The user might not be able to access the server 430 from the unsecurefirst network 510 by clicking on an internal uniform record locator(URL) for the secure website 532. That is, the user may need to utilizea different URL (e.g., an external URL) while executing the standardbrowser 512 from the external unsecure network 510. The external URL maybe directed to or may address one or more hosted web browsers 522configured to access server(s) 430 within the second network 530 (e.g.,secure network). To maintain secure access, the secure browser plug-in516 may redirect an internal URL to an external URL for a hosted securebrowser.

The secure browser plug-in 516 may be able to implement networkdetection in order to identify whether or not to redirect internal URLsto external URLs. The standard browser 512 may receive a requestcomprising an internal URL for a website executing within the securenetwork. For example, the standard browser 512 may receive the requestin response to a user entering a web address (e.g., for secure website532) in the standard browser. The secure browser plug-in 516 mayredirect the user web browser application 512 from the internal URL toan external URL for a hosted web browser application. For example, thesecure browser plug-in 516 may replace the internal URL with an externalURL for the hosted web browser application 522 executing within thesecure network 530.

The secure browser plug-in 516 may allow the client agent 514 to beconnected to the hosted web browser application 522. The client agent514 may comprise a plug-in component, such as an ActiveX control or Javacontrol or any other type and/or form of executable instructions capableof loading into and executing in the standard browser 512. For example,the client agent 514 may comprise an ActiveX control loaded and run by astandard browser 512, such as in the memory space or context of the userweb browser application 512. The client agent 514 may be pre-configuredto present the content of the hosted web browser application 522 withinthe user web browser application 512.

The client agent 514 may connect to a server or the cloud/hosted webbrowser service 520 using a thin-client or remote-display protocol topresent display output generated by the hosted web browser application522 executing on the service 520. The thin-client or remote-displayprotocol can be any one of the following non-exhaustive list ofprotocols: the Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocoldeveloped by Citrix Systems, Inc. of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.; or the RemoteDesktop Protocol (RDP) manufactured by the Microsoft Corporation ofRedmond, Wash.

The hosted web browser application 522 may navigate to the requestednetwork application in full-screen mode, and can render the requestednetwork application. The client agent 514 may present the content orrendition of the network application on the web browser application 512in a seamless and transparent manner such that it appears that thecontent is being displayed by the standard browser 512, e.g., based onthe content being displayed in full screen mode. In other words, theuser may be given the impression that the website content is displayedby the user web browser application 512 and not by the hosted webbrowser application 522. The client agent 514 may transmit navigationcommands generated by the user web browser application 512 to the hostedweb browser application 522 using the thin-client or remote-displayprotocol. Changes to the display output of the hosted web browserapplication 522, due to the navigation commands, may be reflected in theuser web browser application 512 by the client agent 514, giving theimpression to the user that the navigation commands were executed by theuser web browser application 512.

Referring again to FIG. 5, and in operation (4), a new browser tab canopen on the standard browser, to render or display the secure browsersession. The new browser tab can be established or opened by the securebrowser plug-in for instance. The secure browser plug-in and/or a clientagent can receive data from the secure browser session, and can renderthe network application within the new browser tab as discussed above inconnection with FIG. 6 for instance.

In operation (5), the secure browser can feed all user interactionevents via the network application, back to analytics service forprocessing. The secure browser plug-in can monitor for and intercept anyuser interaction events directed to the rendition of the networkapplication within the browser tab. Hence, a user can use a native (orstandard) browser to access a network application while allowingvisibility into the network application's traffic, via theinteroperation of cloud services and a secure browser (in the absence ofthe client application).

FIG. 7 depicts another example embodiment of a system of using a securebrowser. In brief overview, the system includes cloud services 408,network applications 406 and the client device 402. In some embodiments,various elements of the system are similar to that described above forFIG. 5. A client application with embedded browser is not available inthe client device 402. A standard or typical (e.g., HTML5) browser isavailable on the client device, from which a user can initiate a requestto access a non-sanctioned network application. A network applicationcan be specified as being sanctioned or non-sanctioned via policies thatcan be set by an administrator or automatically (e.g., via artificialintelligence).

In operation (1), the user may attempt to log into a non-sanctionednetwork application using the standard browser. The user may attempt toaccess a webpage of a server that provisions the network application,and to initiate a request to access the network application. In someembodiments, the request can be forwarded to or intercepted by adesignated gateway service (e.g., in a data path of the request). Forexample, the gateway service (sometimes referred to as SWG) can resideon the client device (e.g., as an executable program), or can reside ona network device 432 of the cloud services 408 for instance. The gatewayservice can detect or otherwise determine if the requested networkapplication is a sanctioned network application. The gateway service candetermine if a CEB initiated the request. The gateway service can detector otherwise determine that the request is initiated from a source(e.g., initiated by the standard browser) in the client device otherthan a CEB.

In operation (2), the gateway service detects that the requested networkapplication is a non-sanctioned network application. The gateway servicecan for instance extract information from the request (e.g., destinationaddress, name of the requested network application), and compare theinformation against that from a database of sanctioned and/ornon-sanctioned network applications. The gateway service can determine,based on the comparison, that the requested network application is anon-sanctioned network application.

In operation (3), responsive to the determination, the gateway servicecan block access to the requested network application, e.g., by blockingthe request. The gateway service can generate and/or send a URL redirectmessage to the standard browser, responsive to the determination. TheURL redirect message can be similar to a URL redirect message sent fromthe server to the standard browser in FIG. 5 in operation (3). A securebrowser plug-in of the standard browser can receive the URL redirectmessage, and can for example send a request to access the non-sanctionednetwork application, to the secure browser 420. The secure browser 420can direct the request to the server of the non-sanctioned networkapplication.

The server of the non-sanctioned network application may authenticatethe user via the access gateway of the cloud services 408, e.g.,responsive to receiving the request from the secure browser. The servermay communicate with the access gateway to authenticate the user, inresponse to the request. The server may send a request to the accessgateway to authenticate the user. In response to the server's request toauthenticate the user, the access gateway can provide credentials of theuser to the server 430. Upon authentication, the secure browser (or acorresponding CEB) can establish a secured connection and an applicationsession with the server.

In operation (4), a new browser tab can open on the standard browser, torender or display the secure browser's application session. The newbrowser tab can be established or opened by the secure browser plug-infor instance. The secure browser plug-in and/or a client agent canreceive data from the secure browser session, and can render the networkapplication within the new browser tab as discussed above in connectionwith FIGS. 5-6 for instance.

In operation (5), the secure browser can feed all user interactionevents via the network application, back to analytics service forprocessing. The secure browser plug-in can monitor for and intercept anyuser interaction events directed to the rendition of the networkapplication within the browser tab. Hence, a user can use a native (orstandard) browser to access a network application while allowingvisibility into the network application's traffic, via theinteroperation of cloud services and a secure browser (in the absence ofthe client application).

In some embodiments, in the absence or non-availability of a CEB on theclient device, browser redirection is performed so that each requestednetwork application is accessed via a corresponding hosted securebrowser (or hosted CEB) for handling, instead of having all trafficredirected through a single hosted secure browser (or hosted CEB). Eachdedicated secure browser can provide compartmentalization and improvedsecurity.

The use of a CEB, whether hosted or local to the client device, canallow for end-to-end visibility of application traffic for analytics,service level agreement (SLA), resource utilization, audit, and so on.In addition to such visibility, the CEB can be configured with policiesfor managing and controlling any of these as well as other aspects. Forexample, DLP features can be supported, to control “copy and paste”activities, download of files, sharing of files, and to implementwatermarking for instance. As another example, the CEB can be configuredwith policies for managing and controlling access to local drives and/ordevice resources such as peripherals.

Referring now to FIG. 8, an example embodiment of a system for usinglocal embedded browser(s) and hosted secured browser(s) is depicted. Anenvironment is shown where different types of client devices 402A, 402Bmay be used (e.g., in a BYOD context), such that one may be locallyequipped with a suitable CEB, and another client device may not have asuitable local CEB installed. In such an environment, systems describedin FIGS. 4, 5 and 7 can be used to support each of the client devicesbased on the availability of a locally installed and suitable CEB.

FIG. 9 depicts an example process flow for using local embeddedbrowser(s) and hosted secured browser(s). The process flow can be usedin the environment described above in FIG. 8, to determine whether anembedded browser or a hosted secured browser should be used for eachclient device to access a network application. For example, in operation901, a HTTP client can attempt to access a web service (e.g., server ofa network application). In operation 903, the web service can redirectthe HTTP client to a gateway service for authentication. In operation905, the gateway service can determine if the HTTP client is a CEB. Ifso, in operation 909, the gateway service can determine if the CEB is asuitable CEB, e.g., capable of enforcing defined application policies.If so, in operation 911, the CEB is allowed access to the web service,and can enforce the defined policies.

If the gateway service determines that the HTTP client is not a CEB, thegateway service can cause a virtualized version of a CEB to beinitialized and hosted on a remote server (e.g., a network device 432 ofcloud services 408), in operation 907. In some embodiments, such ahosted CEB may already be available on a network device 432, and can beselected for use. For example in operation 911, the CEB is allowedaccess to the web service, and can enforce the defined policies.

If the gateway service determines that the HTTP client is a CEB, butthat the CEB is not a suitable CEB, the gateway service can cause avirtualized version of a CEB to be initialized and hosted on a remoteserver (e.g., a network device 432 of cloud services 408), in operation907. In some embodiments, such a hosted CEB may already be available ona network device 432, and can be selected for use. For example inoperation 911, the CEB is allowed access to the web service, and canenforce the defined policies.

In some embodiments, if the user is requesting access to a webapplication located in a company data center, the gateway service (incloud service or on premise) can allow access when the clientapplication with CEB is detected. Otherwise, the request can be routedto a service with the hosted virtualized version of the CEB, and thenaccess is authenticated and granted.

At operation 905 and/or operation 909 for instance, the decisions madeon whether the HTTP client is a CEB and whether it is a suitable CEB maybe determined by a number of factors. For example, to determine if theHTTP client is CEB, the gateway service may take into account factors,for example including at least one of: user Identity and strength ofauthentication, client Location, client IP Address, how trusted the useridentity, client location, client IP are, jailbreak status of the clientdevice, status of anti-malware software, compliance to corporate policyof the client device, and/or remote attestation or other evidence ofintegrity of the client software.

To determine if the CEB is able to honor or support all definedapplication policies (which may vary by client version, client OSplatform and other factors), the client device's software and gatewayservice may perform capability negotiation and/or exchange versioninformation. In some embodiments, the gateway service can query or checka version number or identifier of the CEB to determine if the CEB is asuitable CEB to use.

Driving all the traffic though the CEB then allows additional control ofcontent accessing SaaS and Web based systems. Data Loss Prevention (DLP)of SaaS and Web traffic can be applied through the CEB app with featuresincluding copy and paste control to other CEB access applications or ITmanaged devices. DLP can also be enforced by enabling content to bedownloaded only to designated file servers or services under IT control.

Referring now to FIG. 10, depicted is an example embodiment of a systemfor managing user access to webpages. Some webpages (or websites) areknown to be safe while others may be suspect. A user may access awebpage via a corresponding URL through a standard browser. For example,the user may click on a link corresponding to the URL, which may beincluded in an email being viewed using a mail application. An accessgateway (SWG) may intercept an access request generated by the clickingof the link, and can determine if the corresponding URL is safe orsuspect. If the URL is known to be safe, the access gateway can allowthe request to proceed to the corresponding website or web server. Ifthe URL is suspect, the access gateway can redirect the request to behandled via a hosted secure browser. The secure browser can requestaccess for, and access the webpage (on behalf of the standard browser),and can allow the webpage information to be conveyed to the standardbrowser, similar to the handling of a network application via browserredirection as discussed in connection with at least FIGS. 5 and 7.

C. Systems and Methods for Encoding and Decoding Data for NetworkApplications

The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods ofencoding and deciding data for network applications interfacing withembedded browsers. A client application executing on a client device canallow a user to access applications (apps) that are served from and/orhosted on one or more servers, such as web applications andsoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) applications (hereafter sometimes generallyreferred to as network applications). A browser that is embedded orintegrated with the client application can render to the user a networkapplication that is accessed or requested via the client application,and can enable interactivity between the user and the networkapplication. The browser is sometimes referred to as an embeddedbrowser, and the client application with embedded browser (CEB) issometimes referred to as a workspace application. The client applicationcan establish a secure connection to the one or more servers to providean application session for the user to access the network applicationusing the client device and the embedded browser. The embedded browsercan be integrated with the client application to ensure that trafficrelated to the network application is routed through and/or processed inthe client application, which can provide the client application withreal-time visibility to the traffic (e.g., when decrypted through theclient application), and user interactions and behavior. The embeddedbrowser can provide a seamless experience to a user as the networkapplication is requested via the user interface (shared by the clientapplication and the embedded browser) and rendered through the embeddedbrowser within the same user interface.

There may be several challenges in protecting data exchanged in theclient application with embedded browsers interfacing with networkapplications through communication sessions in such environments. Toprotect the data from malicious or unintentional exfiltration, theclient application or the network application may apply encryption tothe data exchanged between the client running the client application andthe servers executing the network applications. For example, the clientapplication that first received the data may use tokenization tosubstitute a portion of the data with a token generated for the data. Inthis manner, even if the data are maliciously extruded orunintentionally leaked, non-authorized entities besides the client andthe servers may have difficulty in recovering the original data due toencryption.

While the application of encryption may obfuscate the data to otherentities, the encryption itself may also lead to other technicalchallenges in the applications properly processing the exchanged data.For example, because a portion of the data is replaced with the tokengenerated using tokenization, the network application (e.g., a SaaSapplication) may be unable to recover the original data from theencrypted data received from the client application. The inability todecrypt the encrypted data may lead to a fault in the functioning of thenetwork application. Homomorphic encryption techniques may be used toallow various operations to be applied upon the encrypted data withouteither application first attempting decryption of the encrypted data toaddress some of these problems. Fully homomorphic encryption, however,may not be practicable due to computing resource constraints. With theinability of the network application to recover the original data, theoperations of the embedded browser running on the client application andthe application session itself may also breakdown.

To address these technical problems, the network application and theembedded browser running on the client application may be configured toselectively use tokenization onto the data and to invoke applicationinterface (API) calls to decrypt the tokens. At the point of entry ofthe data into the application session, the recipient application (e.g.,network application or the client application) may identify a policy toapply. The policy may specify whether the data are to be encoded usingreversible encryption or tokenized in accordance with a number offactors, including the type of data, the user, membership, location,device, enrollment status, and authentication mode, among others. Whenthe data are tokenized, the token generated for the data may be providedto a token repository for the network application for storage. With theidentification, the application may encrypt the data in accordance withthe policy. The application may also format or insert a tag into theencrypted data to permit subsequent recognition.

The encrypted data may then subsequently be sent or retrieved by theclient application for display on the client (e.g., in a graphical userinterface of the embedded browser). Upon receipt of the encrypted data,the client application may identify the policy for the encrypted databased on the factors. If the policy specifies that tokenization is usedfor the type of data, the embedded browser running within the clientapplication may identify the token associated with the encrypted datafrom the data repository. The embedded browser may then replace thetoken with the original portion to recover the original data. If thepolicy specifies that reversible encryption is to be used for the typeof data, the embedded browser may decode the encrypted data inaccordance with the specified cryptographic algorithm to recover theoriginal data. In this manner, the encrypted data may be compatibly usedwith the network application and the embedded browser running in theclient application. Furthermore, as the data is encrypted at the pointof entry and decrypted at the point of receipt, the likelihood of dataleakage and exfiltration from the application session may be reduced.

In one aspect, this disclosure is directed to a method of encoding datafor a network application. A client application executing on a clientdevice may establish a session with a network application via anembedded browser within the client application. The client applicationmay identify a policy specifying a type of data to encode upon input.The embedded browser may, responsive to the detection, encode datainputted into the input field. The embedded browser may store theencoded data in the input field and the data to a data repository.

Referring to FIG. 11, depicted is a block diagram of one embodiment of asystem 1100 for encoding and decoding data for network applications. Inbrief overview, the system 1100 may include one or more servers 1102, atleast one client device 1104, and at least one data repository 1122 eachin communication with one another. The server 1102 may host and executeat least one network application 1106. The network application 1106 maybe an instance of a network application 406 detailed herein above. Theclient device 1104 may execute at least one client application 1108. Theclient application 1108 may have at least one embedded browser 1110 andat least one policy 1112 a-n (hereinafter generally referred as policy1112). The client application 1108 may be an instance of the clientapplication 404 previously described. The embedded browser 1110 may bean instance of the embedded browser 410 and may include any componenttherein as detailed herein above. The embedded browser 1110 may have atleast one data interface 1114, at least one cryptographic engine 1116,and at least one input field 1118. The input field 1118 may include data1120. The data repository 1122 may include at least one data portion1124 and at least one token 1126.

Each of the above-mentioned elements or entities is implemented inhardware, or a combination of hardware and software, in one or moreembodiments. Each component of the system 1100 may be implemented usinghardware or a combination of hardware or software detailed above inconnection with FIG. 1. For instance, each of these elements or entitiescan include any application, program, library, script, task, service,process or any type and form of executable instructions executing onhardware of the server 1102 (e.g., the network application 1106), clientdevice 1104 (e.g., the client application 1108), or the data repository1122. The hardware includes circuitry such as one or more processors inone or more embodiments.

To access the resources hosted on the servers 1102, the clientapplication 1108 running on the client device 1104 may establish asession with the network application 1106 executing on the servers 1102via the embedded browser 1110 within the client application 1108. Theclient application 1108 may establish the session with the networkapplication 1106 via the embedded browser 1110 using the samefunctionality as the client application 404 in establishing the sessionwith the network application 406 via the embedded browser 410 asdetailed above. The session may be in accordance with any number ofcommunication protocols, such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Transport Layer Security(TLS), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), or the Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP), among others. In some embodiments, the clientapplication 1108 may establish a secured connection with the networkapplication 1106 via the embedded browser 1110. The secured connectionmay a virtual private network (VPN) (e.g., secure socket layer (SSL) VPNconnection) between the client device 1104 and the one or more servers1102. The VPN connection may carry Microsoft Exchange traffic, MicrosoftActive Directory traffic, HTTP traffic, HyperText Transfer ProtocolSecure (HTTPS) traffic, as some examples.

In some embodiments, the client application 1108 may identify, detect,or receive a request to access resources for a network application 406from the embedded browser 1110 in establishing the session. In someembodiments, the client application 1108 may receive the request toaccess resources via a graphical user interface (GUI) element of theembedded browser 1110. For example, the embedded browser 1110 mayreceive an application identifier via an address bar of the GUI for theembedded browser 1110 entered by the user of the client device 1104. Thereceipt of the application identifier on the address bar may constitutethe request. The address identifier may be a Uniform Resource Locator(URL) address or a set of alphanumeric characters referencing one of thenetwork applications 1106 hosted on the one or more servers 1102. Theapplication identifier may reference one of the network applications1106 hosted on the one or more servers 1102. The client application 1108may parse the application identifier on the GUI for the embedded browser1110 to identify the network application 1106 referenced by theapplication identifier.

Upon identification of the network application 1106, the embeddedbrowser 1110 may retrieve connection information for the networkapplication 1106. The connection information may specify one or moreparameters for establishing the session with the network application1106. The one or more parameters in the connection information mayinclude a network address (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address ormedia access control (MAC) address) or a redirect address (e.g., anotherURL address) corresponding to the servers 1102 hosting the networkapplication 1106 referenced in the request to access resources. In someembodiments, the connection information may specify a mode ofauthentication for the client application 1108. The mode ofauthentication may indicate a process in which the user of the embeddedbrowser 1110 running within the client application 1108 is toauthenticate to access the network application 1106. Examples for themode of authentication may include single-factor authentication,multi-factor authentication, certificate, or no sign-in at all.

Using the connection information, the client application 1108 maygenerate a request to establish communications to transmit to the one ormore servers 1102 hosting the network application 1106. In someembodiments, the client application 1108 may perform the authenticationprocess in accordance with the mode of authentication specified by theconnection information. The authentication process may be one of asingle-factor, multi-factor authentication, or certificate. Inperforming the authentication, the client application 1108 may receiveauthentication credentials (e.g., an account identifier and passcode)via the embedded browser 110. The embedded browser 1110 may display aprompt for an account identifier and password of the user to login toaccess the network application 1106. In some embodiments, the prompt mayalso be for entry of secondary factors (e.g., fingerprint, iris scan,voice, answer to secret question, or security token) for multi-factorauthentication. The secondary factors for multi-factor authenticationmay be part of the authentication credentials. In some embodiments, theclient application 1108 may identify the certificate maintained on theclient device 1104, when the mode of authentication is use of thecertificate. The certificate may have been provided by the networkapplication 1106 or by a certificate authority associated with thenetwork application 1106. The certificate may be part of theauthentication credentials. In some embodiments, the client application1108 may include the authentication credentials in the request toestablish communications. With the generation of the request, the clientapplication 1108 may send the request to the network application 1106 toestablish the session.

In response to the receipt of the request, the network application 1106may initiate the session with the client application 1108. In someembodiments, the network application 1106 may validate theauthentication credentials included in the request to establishcommunications. To validate, the network application 1106 may comparethe passcode, the secondary factors (if any), and the certificate (ifany) of the received authentication credentials with a passcode storedfor the account identifier in the received authentication credentials.The user of the embedded browser 1110 may have previously established anaccount with the network application 1106, and provided the accountidentifier, the passcode, and secondary factors, among other informationto the network application 1106. In some embodiments, the certificatemay have been previously provided by the network application 1106 to theclient device 1104. If the passcodes, secondary factors, and/or thecertificate do not match, the network application 1106 may determinethat the authentication credentials are not successfully validated. Thenetwork application 1106 may send a failure message to the clientapplication 1108. In response, the embedded browser 1110 may display aprompt notifying of the failure to authenticate. The embedded browser1110 may again repeat displaying of the prompt for authenticationcredentials.

On the other hand, if the passcodes, the secondary factors, or thecertificate match, the network application 1106 may determine that theauthentication credentials from the client application 1108 aresuccessfully validated. In addition, the network application 1106 maysend an acknowledge response to the client application 1108. Theacknowledge response may indicate successful authentication of theauthentication credentials included in the request to establishcommunications. In some embodiments, the network application 1106 mayinitiate the session with the client application 1108, in response tothe successful authentication. Subsequently, the client application 1108may receive the acknowledgment response from the network application1106. With the receipt of the acknowledgment response, the sessionbetween the network application 1106 and the client application 1108 maybe established.

With the establishment of the session, the network application 1106 maybe displayed through the embedded browser 1110 within the clientapplication 1104 running on the client device 1104. During the session,the data 1120 may be communicated between the network application 1106and the client application 1108. The data 1120 may be entered into theinput field 1118 via an input/output (I/O) device (e.g., keyboard,mouse, and touchscreen). The data 1120 may be received from the one ormore servers 1102 hosting the network application 1106 and displayed viathe input field 1118 of the embedded browser 1110. The input field 1118may correspond to any GUI element of the network application 1106displayable through the embedded browser 1110 within the clientapplication 1108. In some embodiments, the GUI element corresponding tothe input field 1118 may be a Document Object Model (DOM) object on awebpage provided by the network application 1106. For example, the GUIelement corresponding to the input field 1118 may include a text object,an inline frame object, a body object, an image object, a video object,a division object, and a canvas object, among others. The GUI elementfor the input field 1118 may correspond to the Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) tag (e.g., “<text>” for the text object). The data 1120 maycorrespond to any set of code or instructions corresponding to orrepresenting what is displayed via the input field 1118 of the embeddedbrowser 1110. The data 1120 may be of any data type. The data type mayinclude, for example, a textual data type (e.g., a string or a set ofcharacters), a numerical data type (e.g., an integer, a double, or afloat), an audio data type, an image data type, and a video data type,among others. The data 1120 may include, for example, a numerical valuefor the numerical data type, a set of alphanumeric characters fornumerical or text data types, a binary sequence (e.g., a bit stream, abyte stream, or a sequence of bits of any length) for audio, image,video, numerical, or textual data types, among others.

The client application 1108 may select or identify a policy 1112 fromthe set of policies 1112 to apply for encryption or decryption of thedata 1120 in the input field 1118 of the embedded browser 1110. Thepolicies 1112 may be particular to various network applications 1106 orto different enterprises (e.g., enterprise resources as described inSection B). Each policy 1112 may specify at least one encryption schemefor the data 1120 in the input field 1118. Each policy 1112 may specifyapplication of the one or more encryption schemes to a particular datatype for the data 1120. In some embodiments, the encryption scheme ofone policy 1112 may include an application of a cryptographic algorithmto at least a specified portion of the data 1120. The specified portionmay include a set of indices within the data 1120 for the application ofthe cryptographic algorithm. Each index may refer to a position in a setof alphanumeric characters or in a set of bits corresponding to the data1120. In some embodiments, the encryption scheme of one policy 1112 mayinclude tokenization using at least a portion of the data 1120. Thetokenization may include generation of a token to replace or substitutea specified portion of the data 1120. The specified portion may includea set of indices within the data 1120 for the application of thecryptographic algorithm. Each index may refer to a position in a set ofalphanumeric characters or in a set of bits corresponding to the data1120.

In some embodiments, the encryption scheme of one policy 1112 mayinclude encoding the data 1120 with a predetermined format. The formatmay be recognizable to the client application 1108. The format mayinclude a data type the data 1120 is to be converted or casted into. Thepolicy 1112 may specify a mapping of formats for conversion of the data1120 from one data type to another data type. The mapping of the policy1112 may be one-to-one. In some embodiments, the encryption scheme ofone policy 1112 may include encoding the data 1120 with a predeterminedtag. The tag may be recognizable to the client application 1108. The tagmay include authentication information to preserve the data integrity ofthe data 1120, and may be generated using a specified portion of thedata 1120. The tag may be inserted into the data 1120 at one or morepositions specified by the policy 1112. In some embodiments, the policy1112 may include multiple encryption schemes, such as the application ofthe cryptographic algorithm, the tokenization, and formatting ortagging, among others. In some embodiments, the encryption scheme of onepolicy 1112 may specify that no encryption is to be applied to the data1120 of the particular data type.

The cryptographic algorithm used in the encryption schemes by the clientapplication 1108 may include, for example, symmetric-key algorithms,such as block ciphers (e.g., Advance Encryption Standard (AES) of 128bits or 256 bits, Rivest Cipher-5 (RC5) of 64 bits or 128 bits, orBlowfish cipher), stream ciphers (e.g., A5/1, A5/2, HC-256, or RivestCipher-4 (RC4) or 1684 or 2064 bits), or others (e.g., Kerberosprotocol); asymmetric-key algorithms (e.g., Digital Signature Algorithm,Elliptic Curve algorithm, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), andDiffie-Hellman key exchange protocol); and cryptographic hash functions(e.g., hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), message-digestalgorithm (MD5), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3)),among others. The cryptographic algorithm may be performed by thecryptographic engine 1116 as detailed herein below.

In some embodiments, each policy 1112 of the set of policies 1112 mayspecify one or more factors in selection or identification of the policy1112 to apply to the data 1120. In some embodiments, the encryptionschema specified by the one or more policies 1112 may be dependent onthe one or more factors. The one or more factors may include a user, amembership, a location, a device, a device enrollment status, a mode ofauthentication, and the network application 1106 itself, among others.For example, one policy 1112 may specify that tokenization is to be usedwhen the client device 1104 running the embedded browser 1110 is asmartphone to access a word processor program corresponding to thenetwork application 1106. In contrast, another policy 1112 may specifythat the entire data 1120 is to be applied with the cryptographicalgorithm when the client device 1104 running the embedded browser 1110is a laptop to access a calendar manager program corresponding to thenetwork application 1106. The user for the policy 1112 may correspond tothe account identifier of the user that logged into the networkapplication 1106 via the embedded browser 1110. The membership for thepolicy 1112 may indicate which list of users the user of the embeddedbrowser 1110 belongs to with respect to accessing the networkapplication 1106. The network application 1106 may maintain one or moremembership lists. Each membership list may correspond to a membershipcategory, and may include a set of account identifiers defining themembership category. For example, the membership category may include toa regular subscription, a professional subscription, or a professionalsubscription of the services provided by the network application 1106.

In addition, the location for the policy 1112 may correspond to ageographic coordinates of the client device 1104 running the embeddedbrowser 1110 in accessing the network application 1106. In someembodiments, the location for the policy 1112 may be associated with alocale, area, or region associated with the geographic coordinates ofthe client device 1104. The network application 1106 may maintain adefined set of geographic locales, areas, and regions associated withranges of geographic coordinates. The device for the policy 1112 mayindicate a device type of the client device 1104 running the embeddedbrowser 1110 used to access the network application 1106. The devicemay, for example, include a smart phone, a tablet, a laptop, a desktop,among others. The device enrollment status for the policy 1112 mayindicate whether the client device 1104 itself running the embeddedbrowser 1110 is registered to access the network application 1106. Theuser of the client device 1104 running the embedded browser 1110 withinthe client application 1108 may have previously registered the clientdevice 1104 with the network application 1106. In registering, a deviceidentifier for the client device 1104 may be stored on an enrollmentlist maintained on the one or more servers 1102 running the networkapplication 1106. The device identifier may, for example, include anetwork address (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address or a mediaaccess control (MAC) address) or a set of alphanumeric charactersreferencing the client device 1104, among others, or any combinationthereof. The mode of authentication for the policy 1112 may indicate theprocess in which the user of the embedded browser 1110 running withinthe client application 1108 is to authenticate to access the networkapplication 1106. As discussed above, the mode of authentication mayinclude a single-factor authentication, a multiple factorauthentication, or no sign-in at all, among others.

In some embodiments, the client application 1108 may identify the policy1112 based on the factors, including the user, the membership, thelocation, the device enrollment status, and the mode of authentication.In selecting the policy 1112 from the set of policies 1112, the clientapplication 1108 may identify the one or more factors. To identify theuser, the client application 1108 may identify the account identifierfrom the request to establish communications with the networkapplication 1106. To identify the membership, the client application1108 may access the network application 1106 via the session to comparethe account identifier provided by the embedded browser 1110 with thelist of users for each membership category. Upon finding a match betweenthe account identifier received via the embedded browser 1110 with oneof the account identifiers on one of the membership lists, the clientapplication 1108 may identify the membership corresponding to the listwith the match.

To identify the location, the client application 1108 may access aglobal positioning system (GPS) module to retrieve the geographiclocation of the client device 1104. The client application 1108 maymaintain and run the GPS module. The GPS module can communicate with asatellite or another navigation device to calculate and relay thelocation of the client device 1104 to the client device 1104. In someembodiments, the client application 1104 can access the networkapplication 1106 via the session to associate the geographic coordinatesof the client device 1104 with one of the locales, areas, or regionsassociated with the geographic coordinates of the client device 1104 asdefined by the network application 1106. To identify the deviceenrollment status, the client application 1108 may access the networkapplication 1106 via the session to compare the device identifier of theclient device 1104 with the device identifiers of the enrollment list.In some embodiments, the client application 1108 may identify the deviceidentifier corresponding to the client device 1104, such as the networkaddress corresponding to the client device 1104 or the set ofalphanumeric characters identifying the client device 1104. If a matchis found between the device identifier identified by the clientapplication 1108 and one of the device identifiers on the enrollmentlist, the client application 1108 may identify the device enrollmentstatus of the client device 1104 as enrolled. In contrast, if no matchis found, the client application 11108 may identify the enrollmentstatus of the client device 1104 as unenrolled. To identify the mode ofauthentication, the client application 1108 may access the connectioninformation for establishing the session with the network application1106. As described above, the connection information may specify themode of authentication.

With the identification of the factors, the client application 1108 mayselect or identify the policy 1112. In some embodiments, the clientapplication 1108 may identify a subset of policies 1112 for the networkapplication 1106 accessed via the embedded browser 1110 through thesession. In some embodiments, the client application 1108 (or the datainterface 1114 of the embedded browser 1110) may identify a subset ofpolicies 1112 for the data type of the data 1120 that is entered or tobe displayed in the input field 1118. The client application 1108 mayselect the policy 1112 from the subset of policies 1112 further based onthe identified factors. The client application 1108 may traverse throughthe set of policies 1112 to match the identified factors with the one ormore factors specified by the policies 1112. For each policy 1112 in theset, the client application 1108 may compare the identified factors withthe one or more factors specified by the policy 1112. In someembodiments, the client application 1108 may count a number of matchesbetween the identified factors and the factors specified by the policy1112. If the factors all match, the client application 1108 may selectthe policy 1112 to apply to the data 1120 of the input field 1118.Otherwise, if at least one of the factors does not match, the clientapplication 1108 may identify the next policy 1112 to compare. Whenidentified factors do not match all the specified factors of all thepolicies, the client application 1108 may identify the policy 1112 withthe greatest number of matches.

In conjunction, the data interface 1114 of the embedded browser 1110 maydetermine or detect the data type of the data 1120 in the input field1118. In some embodiments, the data interface 1114 may determine ordetect the data type as the data 1120 of the input field 1118. The data1120 may be received via the client device 1104. In some embodiments,the data 1120 may be entered or inputted into the input field 1118 ofthe embedded browser 1110 via the user interface 123 (e.g., the GUI 124or the I/O devices 126). The data 1120 may also be received for displayfrom the network application 1106 hosted on the one or more servers1102. The data 1120 of the input field 1118 (e.g., a text box on awebpage) may include a textual or numerical data type, and may initiallybe a set of alphanumeric characters. The data interface 1114 may accessthe input field 1118 to retrieve the data 1120. The data interface 1114may scan through the set of alphanumeric characters corresponding to thedata 1120 to identify each character as alphabetic (e.g., “A”) ornumeric (e.g., “0”). When the data 1120 is identified as containing atleast one alphabetic character, the data interface 1114 may determinethe data type of the data 1120 as textual. On the other hand, when thedata 1120 is identified as containing all numeric characters, the datainterface 1114 may determine the data type of the data 1120 as numeric.In some embodiments, the data interface 1114 may cast the data type ofthe data 1120 to a numeric data type (e.g., a double, integer, or float)in response to the identification of the data 1120 as containing allnumeric characters.

In addition, the data 1120 may be uploaded or received as a file from adata storage accessible via the client device 1104. The data storage mayinclude, for example, a hard drive or memory of the client device 1104or a cloud storage communicatively coupled with the client device 1104.The data interface 1114 may access the file received from the datastorage accessible via the client device 1104 to determine the data typeof the data 11200 corresponding to the file. The data 1120 may also bereceived for display from the network application 1106 hosted on the oneor more servers 1102. The data 1120 received from the one or moreservers 1102 running the network application 1106 may also be a file. Insome embodiments, the data 1120 may be streamed from the one or moreservers 1102 hosting the network application 1106. The streaming may bealso part of the file. In some embodiments, the data interface 1114 mayidentify a filename extension of the file corresponding to the data1120. Using the filename extension, the data interface 1114 maydetermine the data type of the data 1120. In some embodiments, the datainterface 1114 may compare the filename extension with a list ofextensions specifying the data type. The list of extensions may includefilename extensions each associated with a corresponding data type. Thelist of extensions may include filename extensions for textual datatypes, image data types, video data types, and audio data types, amongothers. For example, the list of extensions may indicate that thefilename extension “JPEG” as an image data type and may indicate thatthe filename extension “OGG” as a video data type. When a match is foundbetween the identified filename extension and one of the list ofextensions, the data interface 1114 may identify the data typecorresponding to the matching filename extension.

In some embodiments, the data interface 1114 may identify a source ofthe data 1120. The source of the data 1120 may be the client device 1104running the embedded browser 1110 within the client application 1108itself or the one or more servers 1102 hosting the network application1106. The data 1120 uploaded from the data storage accessible via theclient device 1104 may be considered as received from the client device1104. The data 1120 received from the client device 1104 may initiallybe unencrypted. In contrast, depending on the type of data, the data1120 received from the one or more servers 1102 via the session with thenetwork application 1106 may be at least partially encrypted. The datainterface 1114 may identify the source of the data 1120 based on a pointof entry. The point of entry may be the communication interface 118interface or the user interface 123 (e.g., GUI 124 or I/O devices 126)of the client device 1104. When the point of entry is identified as thecommunication interface 118, the data interface 1114 may identify thesource of the data 1120 as the one or more servers 1102 running thenetwork application 1106. In contrast, when the point of entry isidentified as the user interface 123, the data interface 1114 mayidentify the source of the data 1120 as the client device 1104 runningthe client application 1108.

When the data 1120 is received from the client device 1104, thecryptographic engine 1116 of the embedded browser 1110 may encode thedata 1120 in accordance with the identified policy 1112 for the data1120. In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may encode thedata 1120 in accordance with the policy 1112, as the data 1120 isentered into the input field 1118. For example, the cryptographic engine1116 may encode each character of the data 1120, as the character isentered via the user interface 123 of the client device 1104, inaccordance with the policy 1112. The cryptographic engine 1116 mayidentify the encryption schema specified by the selected policy 1112 forthe data 1120. As discussed above, the encryption scheme may include: anapplication of a cryptographic algorithm to at least a specified portionof the data 1120, tokenization using at least a specified portion of thedata 1120, encoding the data 1120 with a predetermined format, encodingthe data 1120 with a predetermined tag, or no encryption. If theencryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifies that noencryption is to be applied, the cryptographic engine 1116 may maintainthe data 1120 as is.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifies theapplication of a cryptographic algorithm, the cryptographic engine 1116may apply the cryptographic algorithm to encode the data 1120. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may apply the cryptographicalgorithm to encrypt the entirety of the data 1120 (e.g., the entire setof alphanumeric characters or the entire sequence of bits). In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may identify the portion ofthe data 1120 (e.g., a subset of the alphanumeric characters or a subsetof the bit stream) as specified by the policy 1112 to which to apply thecryptographic algorithm. The specified portion may correspond to or mayinclude a subset of alphanumeric characters or bits corresponding to thedata 1120 as designated by the policy 1112. The cryptographic engine1116 may apply the cryptographic algorithm to encrypt the identifiedportion of the data 1120.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifies usingtokenization, the cryptographic engine 1116 may generate a token 1126 toreplace a specified portion 1124 of the data 1120. The specified portion1124 may correspond may correspond to or may include a set ofalphanumeric characters or bits corresponding to the data 1120 asdesignated by the policy 1112. The token 1126 may be any substitute datato replace the specified portion 1124 of the data 1120. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may use a pseudo-randomnumber algorithm to generate the token 1126. The pseudo-random numberalgorithm may include, for example, a linear congruential generator, aninversive congruential generator, the Blum-Micali algorithm, Lehmerrandom number generator, and a Mersenne twister, among others. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may generate the token 1126by applying a cryptographic algorithm to the specified portion 1124 ofthe data 1120. With the generation of the token 1126, the cryptographicengine 1116 may replace the specified portion 1124 of the data 1120 withthe token 1126.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifiesencoding the data 1120 with a predetermined format, the cryptographicengine 1116 may encode the data 1120 with the format. The format may bea data type the data 1120 is to be converted or casted into, and may berecognizable to the client application 1108. In some embodiments, thecryptographic engine 1116 may identify the new data type specified forthe data type of the data 1120 by the mapping of formats specified bythe policy 1112. The cryptographic engine 1116 may cast or convert thedata type of the data 1120 to the format specified by the encryptionscheme. For example, the cryptographic engine 1116 may cast an imagedata type to a textual data type by converting the bit streamcorresponding to the data 1120 to a set of alphanumeric characters.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifiesencoding the data 1120 with a predetermined tag, the cryptographicengine 1116 may encode the data 1120 with the tag. The tag may includeauthentication information to preserve the data integrity of the data1120, and may be recognizable to the client application 1108. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may have already appliedother encryption schema (e.g., cryptographic algorithm, tokenization, orformatting) onto the data 1120, prior to the generation of the tag. Insome embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may generate the tag byapplying a cryptographic algorithm (e.g., a hash function) to the entiredata 1120 (e.g., the entire set of alphanumeric characters or the entiresequence of bits). In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116may generate the tag by applying the cryptographic function (e.g., ahash function) to a specified portion of the data 1120 (e.g., e.g., asubset of the alphanumeric characters or a subset of the bit stream). Ingenerating the tag, the cryptographic engine 1116 may identify thespecified portion of the data 1120 as designated by the policy 1112.With the generation of the tag, the cryptographic engine 1116 mayprefix, append, or otherwise insert the tag into the data 1120. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may insert the tag into thedata 1120 at the one or more specified positions.

Having applied the encryption scheme as specified by the identifiedpolicy 1112, the data interface 1114 may store the encoded data 1120onto the data repository 1122. The encoded data 1120 may be subsequentlyaccessed and retrieved by the network application 1106 or the embeddedbrowser 1110. For example, the network application 1106 may at a latertime send the encrypted data 1120 for display in the input field 1118 ofthe embedded browser 1110 via the established session. The datarepository 1122 may be accessed by the client application 1108, theembedded browser 1110, and the network application 1106. In someembodiments, the data repository 1122 may be maintained on the one ormore servers 1102. In some embodiments, the data repository 1122 may bemaintained on the client device 1104. In some embodiments, the datainterface 1114 may store the original data 1120 and the encoded data1120 onto the data repository 1122. In some embodiments, the datainterface 1114 may store the portion 1124 of the data 1120 with theassociated token 1126 onto the data repository 1122. The data repository1122 may index the portions 1124 of data 1120 by the associated token1126.

On the other hand, when the data 1120 is received from the networkapplication 1106, the cryptographic engine 1116 may decode the data 1120in accordance with the identified policy 1112 for the data 1120. Thecryptographic engine 1116 may identify the encryption schema specifiedby the selected policy 1112 for the data 1120. As discussed above, theencryption scheme may include: an application of a cryptographicalgorithm to at least a specified portion of the data 1120, tokenizationusing at least a specified portion of the data 1120, encoding the data1120 with a format or a tag, or no encryption. If the encryption schemeof the identified policy 1112 specifies that no encryption is to beapplied, the data 1120 may already be unencrypted and the cryptographicengine 1116 may maintain the data 1120 as is.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifies theapply the cryptographic algorithm, the cryptographic engine 1116 mayapply the cryptographic algorithm to encode the data 1120. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may apply the cryptographicalgorithm to decrypt the entirety of the encoded data 1120 (e.g., theentire set of encoded alphanumeric characters or the entire encodedsequence of bits). In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116may identify the portion of the data 1120 (e.g., a subset of the encodedalphanumeric characters or a subset of the encoded bit stream) asspecified by the policy 1112 to which to apply the cryptographicalgorithm. The specified portion may correspond to or may include asubset of alphanumeric characters or bits corresponding to the data 1120as designated by the policy 1112. The cryptographic engine 1116 mayapply the cryptographic algorithm to decrypt the identified portion ofthe data 1120.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifies usingtokenization, the cryptographic engine 1116 may access the datarepository 1122 to identify the token 1126 generated for the data 1120.In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may identify thetoken 1126 from the encoded data 1120 at the set of indicescorresponding to the portion 1124 as specified by the policy 1112. Usingthe identified token 1126, the cryptographic engine 1116 may search thedata repository 1122 for the portion 1124 of the data 1120 associatedwith the token 1126. The cryptographic engine 1116 may retrieve theportion 1124 stored on the data repository 1122 associated with thetoken 1126. The cryptographic engine 1116 may replace the token 1126within the encoded data 1120 with the portion 1124 retrieved from thedata repository 1122 to recover the original, un-encoded data 1120.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifiesencoding with a predetermined format, the cryptographic engine 1116 maydecode the encoded data 1120 using the format. As discussed above, whenencoding, the cryptographic engine 1116 may convert the data 1120 fromone data type to another data type corresponding to the format. In someembodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may identify the format ofthe encoded data 1120. The format of the encoded data 1120 maycorrespond to the data type of the encoded data 1120. The cryptographicengine 1116 may identify an original data type for the data type of thedata 1120 as specified by the mapping of formats specified by the policy1112. With identification of the original data type, the cryptographicengine 1116 may cast or convert the data type of the encoded data 1120back to the original data type of the original data 1120.

If the encryption scheme of the identified policy 1112 specifiesencoding the data 1120 with a predetermined tag, the cryptographicengine 1116 may decode the encoded data 1120 using the tag. Thecryptographic engine 1116 may identify the tag within the encoded data1120. In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 may extract thetag from the encoded data 1120 at the one or more positions specified bythe policy 1112. To verify the integrity of the encoded data 1120, thecryptographic engine 1116 may separately generate a new tag for the data1120 as specified by the policy 1112. In some embodiments, thecryptographic engine 1116 may generate the tag by applying acryptographic algorithm (e.g., a hash function) to the entire data 1120(e.g., the entire set of alphanumeric characters or the entire sequenceof bits). In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 maygenerate the tag by applying the cryptographic function (e.g., a hashfunction) to a specified portion of the data 1120 (e.g., e.g., a subsetof the alphanumeric characters or a subset of the bit stream). Ingenerating the tag, the cryptographic engine 1116 may identify thespecified portion of the data 1120 as designated by the policy 1112. Thecryptographic engine 1116 may compare the tag extracted from the data1120 and the newly generated tag. When the tags are determined to match,the cryptographic engine 1116 may remove the tag from the encoded data1120 to recover the original data 1120. In some embodiments, thecryptographic engine 1116 may apply other encryption schema (e.g.,cryptographic algorithm, tokenization, or formatting) onto the encodeddata 1120 subsequent to the removal of the tag to recover the originaldata 1120.

Having applied the encryption scheme as specified by the identifiedpolicy 1112, the cryptographic engine 1116 may determine whether thedecoding of the data 1120 is successful. In some embodiments, thecryptographic engine 1116 may determine whether the decoded data 1120 iswell-formed. The data 1120 may be determined as well-formed, when thedecoded data includes information consistent with the data type of thedata 1120. For example, the decoded data 1120 corresponding to anumerical data may be not well-formed, when the decoded data 1120contains alphabetic characters. In some embodiments, the cryptographicengine 1116 may include a When the decoded data 1120 is determined to bewell-formed, the cryptographic engine 1116 may determine that thedecoding of the data 1120 is successful. Otherwise, when the decodeddata 1120 is determined to be not well-formed, the cryptographic engine1116 may determine that the decoding of the data 1120 is unsuccessful.

In some embodiments, the cryptographic engine 1116 determine whether thedecoding of the data 1120 is successful based on the token 1126. Whenthe token 1126 is found on the data repository 1122, the cryptographicengine 1116 may determine that the decoding of the data 1120 issuccessful. Otherwise, when the token 1126 is not found on the datarepository 1122, the cryptographic engine 1116 may determine that thedecoding of the data 1120 is unsuccessful. In some embodiments, thecryptographic engine 1116 may whether the decoding of the data 1120 issuccessful based on the data type conversion using the format. Inconverting the data 1120 from one data type to another data type, thecryptographic engine 1116 may detect a data type conversion error. Ifthe data type conversion error is detected, the cryptographic engine1116 may determine that the decoding of the data 1120 is unsuccessful.Otherwise, the cryptographic engine 1116 may determine that the decodingof the data 1120 is successful. In some embodiments, the cryptographicengine 1116 may whether the decoding of the data 1120 is successfulbased on the tag comparison. When the tags are determined to match, thecryptographic engine 1116 may also determine that the decoding of thedata 1120 is successful. In contrast, when the tags are determined tonot match, the cryptographic engine 1116 may determine that the decodingof the data 1120 is unsuccessful. In some embodiments, the cryptographicengine 1116 may determine that the decoding of the data 1120 issuccessful based on determinations that decoding in accordance tomultiple encryption schema is successful.

When the decoding of the data 1120 is successful, the data interface1114 may display the decoded data 1120 in the input field 1118 on theembedded browser 1110. In some embodiments, the data interface 1114 maycause the embedded browser 1110 running within the client application1108 to render the decoded data 1120. In some embodiments, the datainterface 1114 may insert the decoded data 1120 as a new DOM objectcorresponding to the data 1120 onto the webpage provided by the networkapplication 1106. The DOM object may include a text object, an inlineframe object, a body object, an image object, a video object, a divisionobject, and a canvas object, among others. In some embodiments, the datainterface 1114 may allow downloading of the data 1120 onto the clientdevice 1104 (e.g., the hard drive storage).

In contrast, when the decoding of the data 1120 is unsuccessful, thedata interface 1114 may prevent or restrict the data 1120 from displayon the input field 1118. In some embodiments, the data interface 1114may include an indicator in the input field 1118. The indicator maysignal that the encoded data 1120 is restricted from view in the inputfield 1118. For example, the text “**restricted**” may be inserted intothe GUI element corresponding to the input field 1118 on the webpage. Inthis manner, encryption techniques may be applied to at least some ofthe data (e.g., the data 1120) exchanged between the network application1106 and the client application 1108. With the encryption and decryptionof the data occurring at the point of entry (e.g., the client device1104 or servers 1102), data may be less susceptible to extrusion orleakage, thereby improving data security and integrity of the system1100.

Referring to FIG. 12, depicted is a flow diagram of an exampleembodiment of a method 1200 for encoding data for network applications.The functionalities of the method 1200 may be implemented using, orperformed by, the components detailed herein in connection with FIGS.1-11. In brief overview, a client application may establish a sessionwith a network application (1205). The client application may identify apolicy for a data type to encode (1210). An embedded browser maydetermine whether data is inputted from a client or received from aserver (1215). If the data is inputted, the embedded browser may encodethe inputted data (1220). The embedded browser may store the encodeddata and the original data (1225). On the other hand, if the data isreceived, the embedded browser may decode the received data (1230). Theembedded browser may display the decoded data (1235).

In further detail, a client application (e.g., the client application1108) may establish a session with a network application (e.g., thenetwork application 1106) (1205). The session may be in accordance withany number of communication protocols. The client application mayidentify or receive a request to access resources for the networkapplication. The request may identify the network application to beaccessed. The client application may identify connection information forthe network application 1106. The connection information may specify anetwork address for a server (e.g., the server 1102) hosting the networkapplication 1108 and a mode of authentication. The client applicationmay perform authentication in accordance to the mode of authenticationspecified by the connection information. When the authentication issuccessful, the client application may establish the session with thenetwork application. With the establishment of the session, the networkapplication may be accessed via an embedded browser (e.g., the embeddedbrowser 1110) running within the client application.

The client application may identify a policy (e.g., the policy 1112) fora data type to encode (1210). The policy may be selected or identifiedfrom a set of policies. Each policy may specify an encryption scheme toapply to data (e.g., the data 1120) based on the data type of the dataand the network application accessed via the client application. Theencryption scheme specified by the policy may include: application of acryptographic algorithm, tokenization, use of formatting, and insertionof tags, among others. The data type may include a textual data type, anumerical data type, an audio data type, an image data type, and a videodata type, among others. The client application may identify the policybased on a number of factors. The factors may include a user, amembership, a location of the user and/or the client device, a device(for instance, a type of device, a particular device identified based ona unique device identifier, etc.), a device enrollment status, a mode ofauthentication, or the network application, among others. The clientapplication may identify each factor in selecting the policy to apply.

An embedded browser (e.g., the embedded browser 1110) may determinewhether data (e.g., the data 1120) is inputted from a client (e.g., theclient device 1104) or received from a server (e.g., the servers 1102)(1215). The data may be inputted via the client device onto an inputfield (e.g., the input field 1118) or received from the networkapplication for display in the input field. The embedded browser mayidentify a source of the data. The source may be one of the clientdevice running the embedded browser within the client application or theone or more servers running the network application accessed via theembedded browser. The embedded browser may identify a point of entry ofthe data with respect to the client device in identifying the source ofdata. The point of entry may be a user interface (e.g., GUI 124 or I/Odevices 126) of the client device or a communication interface (e.g.,the communication interface 118). When the point of entry is identifiedas the communication interface, the embedded browser may identify thesource of the data as received from the server. In contrast, when thepoint of entry is identified as the user interface, the embedded browsermay identify the source of the data as inputted via the client device.

If the data is inputted from the client, the embedded browser may encodethe inputted data (1220). The embedded browser may encode the inputteddata in accordance with the encryption policy of the identified policy.When the encryption scheme of the policy specifies the application of acryptographic algorithm, the embedded browser may apply thecryptographic algorithm to encode the data in whole or in part. When theencryption scheme of the policy specifies using tokenization, theembedded browser may generate a token (e.g., the token 1126) to replacea portion of the data (e.g., the specified portion 1124). When theencryption scheme of the policy specifies using formatting, the embeddedbrowser may cast the data to a data type specified by the policy. Whenthe encryption scheme of the policy specifies using a tag, the embeddedbrowser may generate a tag for the data to insert into the data.

The embedded browser may store the encoded data and the original data(1225). The embedded browser or the network application may maintain adata repository (e.g., the data repository 1122). The embedded browsermay store the encoded data onto the data repository. The embeddedbrowser may also store the original data onto the data repository. Theembedded browser may also store the token and the substituted data ontothe data repository. The data stored on the data repository may be lateraccessed by the network application or the embedded browser for displayon the client application.

On the other hand, if the data is received from the server, the embeddedbrowser may decode the encrypted data (1230). The embedded browser maydecode the data in accordance with the encryption policy of theidentified policy to recover the original data. When the encryptionscheme of the policy specifies the application of a cryptographicalgorithm, the embedded browser may apply the cryptographic algorithm todecode the data in whole or in part. When the encryption scheme of thepolicy specifies using tokenization, the embedded browser may access thedata repository to replace the token within the data with the originalportion. When the encryption scheme of the policy specifies usingformatting, the embedded browser may cast the data back to the originaldata type specified by the policy. When the encryption scheme of thepolicy specifies using a tag, the embedded browser may generate a tagfor the data and may compare the newly generated tag with the tag fromthe encoded data. If the tags match, the embedded browser may remove thetag from the encoded data to recover the original data.

The embedded browser may display the decoded data (1235). The embeddedbrowser may display the decoded data via the input field. The embeddedbrowser may insert a DOM element corresponding to the decoded data intothe webpage provided by the network application. The embedded browsermay also determine whether the decoding of the data is successful priorto displaying the decoded data on the input field. If the decoding isdetermined to be successful, the embedded browser may display thedecoded data as is on the input field. Otherwise, if the decoding isdetermined to be not successful, the embedded browser may include anindicator onto the input field. The indicator may denote that the datais restricted from display on the network application accessed via theembedded browser.

It should be understood that the systems described above may providemultiple ones of any or each of those components and these componentsmay be provided on either a standalone machine or, in some embodiments,on multiple machines in a distributed system. The systems and methodsdescribed above may be implemented as a method, apparatus or article ofmanufacture using programming and/or engineering techniques to producesoftware, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. In addition,the systems and methods described above may be provided as one or morecomputer-readable programs embodied on or in one or more articles ofmanufacture. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass code or logic accessible from and embedded in oneor more computer-readable devices, firmware, programmable logic, memorydevices (e.g., EEPROMs, ROMs, PROMs, RAMs, SRAMs, etc.), hardware (e.g.,integrated circuit chip, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA),Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc.), electronicdevices, a computer readable non-volatile storage unit (e.g., CD-ROM,USB Flash memory, hard disk drive, etc.). The article of manufacture maybe accessible from a file server providing access to thecomputer-readable programs via a network transmission line, wirelesstransmission media, signals propagating through space, radio waves,infrared signals, etc. The article of manufacture may be a flash memorycard or a magnetic tape. The article of manufacture includes hardwarelogic as well as software or programmable code embedded in a computerreadable medium that is executed by a processor. In general, thecomputer-readable programs may be implemented in any programminglanguage, such as LISP, PERL, C, C++, C#, PROLOG, or in any byte codelanguage such as JAVA. The software programs may be stored on or in oneor more articles of manufacture as object code.

While various embodiments of the methods and systems have beendescribed, these embodiments are illustrative and in no way limit thescope of the described methods or systems. Those having skill in therelevant art can effect changes to form and details of the describedmethods and systems without departing from the broadest scope of thedescribed methods and systems. Thus, the scope of the methods andsystems described herein should not be limited by any of theillustrative embodiments and should be defined in accordance with theaccompanying claims and their equivalents.

We claim:
 1. A method comprising: identifying, by a client device, atype of data to encode into a format recognizable to the client deviceas being an input to an application; determining, by the client device,that data of the type is provided as input to the application; encoding,by the client device, the data into the format recognizable to theclient device; and providing, by the client device, the encoded data asinput to the application.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprisingidentifying, by the client device, the type of data based on at leastone of the client device, a user of the client device or a location ofthe client device.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprisingidentifying, by the client device, the type of data based at least on amode in which to authenticate a user to the client device or theapplication.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising encoding, bythe client device based at least on the type of data, the data using oneof reverse encryption or tokenization.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising encoding, by the client device, the data by encrypting atleast a portion of the data or replacing at least a portion of the datawith a token.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining,by the client device, that data of the type of data as being input basedon the data being inputted into an input field of the application. 7.The method of claim 1, further comprising encoding, by the clientdevice, the data as the data is being inputted into an input field ofthe application.
 8. A device comprising: one or more processors, coupledto memory and configured to: identify a type of data to encode into aformat recognizable to the client device as being an input to anapplication; determine that data of the type is provided as input to theapplication; encode the data into the format recognizable to the clientdevice; and provide the encoded data as input to the application.
 9. Thedevice of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to identify the type of data based at least on one of thedevice, a user of the device or a location of the device.
 10. The deviceof claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured toidentify the type of data based at least on a mode in which toauthenticate a user to the device or the application.
 11. The device ofclaim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured toencode, based at least on the type of data, the data using one ofreverse encryption or tokenization.
 12. The device of claim 8, whereinthe one or more processors are further configured to encode the data byencrypting at least a portion of the data or replacing at least aportion of the data with a token.
 13. The device of claim 8, wherein theone or more processors are further configured to determine that data ofthe type of data is provided as input upon the data being inputted intoan input field of the application.
 14. The device of claim 8, whereinthe one or more processors are further configured to encode the data asthe data is being inputted into an input field of the application.
 15. Asystem comprising: one or more processors, coupled to memory andconfigured to: identify a type of data for an application to decode asinput; determine that encoded data of the identified type is beingdisplayed as input to the application, the encoded data having a formatrecognizable by the one or more processors; decode, responsive to thedetermination, the encoded data; and display the decoded data as theinput to the application.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the one ormore processors are further configured to identify the type of databased a user of a device comprising the one or more processors or alocation of the device comprising the one or more processors.
 17. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to identify the type of data based at least on a mode inwhich to authenticate a user to the device or the application.
 18. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to determine that the encoded data has one of a format or atag recognizable by the one or more processors.
 19. The system of claim15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to decodethe encoded data using decryption.
 20. The system of claim 15, whereinthe one or more processors are further configured to decode the encodeddata by replacing a token of the encoded data with data retrieved by theone or more processors.